A Botanical and Economic Study. m 



exception of the Moquis, who probably borrowed their culture 

 from the Keres, were averse to agriculture, but they were 

 more willing to accept a civilized life than the Apaches or 

 Ki<> ways. 



The l'iman ' or Sonoran branch (Brinton) of this family 

 comprised the Pimas, Cahitas, Coras, Tarahumaras and Tepe- 

 huanas, as the principal tribes. Buschmann and Gatschet 

 favor the opinion that the Pimas are Shoshones. The Pimas 

 occupied the region of the Gila Basin and head of the Bay of 

 Lower California. The remarkable cliff-dwellings are in this 

 region, and it is probable that the ancestors of the Pimas 

 were the builders and inhabitants of the rock shelters. There 

 is nothing to warrant a contrary statement, for a culture 

 higher than the Piman is not necessary to explain the struc- 

 tures. As Schwatka has pointed out,' the timid Tarahu" 

 maras still live in cliff-dwellings. The Pimas have a tradition 

 that they were driven south by the Apaches. 3 These people 

 were agricultural and irrigated their fields with canals and 

 ditches. The Coras of this group reached farthest south into 

 the State of Jalisco. These tribes were not in culture earlier 

 than the Keresan, for Mindeleff has explained the probable 

 stage of progress toward pueblo building; that the circular 

 house of stone and mud derivable from the circular wigwam 

 still used by the wandering tribes of the Ute branch, became 

 square by aggregation of the buildings. The people driven 

 to the mountain fastnesses by the warlike tribes, still built 

 the square form of house, but ior lack of sufficient building 

 sites the families built their houses one above the other on 

 the mountain slope (the cliff-dwelling stage), and after the 

 danger was over, and the people returned to the plains to 

 live, they built, as the result of their mountain experience, 

 the pueblo with compartments one above the other, and 



' Powell, Bureau of Ethnology Rep., 1885-86. 

 2 Schwatka, Frederick, Century Magazine, 1892. 

 3 Grossmann, F. E., Rep. Smithson. Inst., 407-10. 



