A Botanical and Economic Study. 127 



ties roasted maize. 1 The Peruvians were surrounded on all 

 sides by wild and barbarous tribes, who learned from the 

 Incas a little agriculture and a few arts. The Tacanas, 

 Maropas and Araunas, situated on the Mamore River, have 

 words — dije, shije, zia, which are related to words of the 

 Pano stock, on the Ucayali River (see any good map). The 

 Pano word shequi is undoubtedly the Peruvian cherchi, 

 roasted maize, and clearly points to the source whence the 

 Panos and the Tacanas got maize. - ' It is probable that all the 

 inland and forest tribes borrowed the cereal from the Peru- 

 vians, as did the Indians along the Ucayali, the Mamore and 

 the Beni rivers. The following list of words shows this : :i 



J'ano, Ucayali River, schequi. 

 Cu/vio, Juvary River, tschiiky. 

 Moxoruna, Tapichi River, schuky. 

 C(i>iarcary, Purus River, schischy. 

 Araicu, Jurua River, metschy. 

 Carysnna, Madeira River, schroki. 

 /tare, Negro River, macanaschy. 



The Tupis, or Guaranis, extend from the mouth of the La 

 Plata to the Amazon, and far up the stream of the latter. 

 The word for maize is abati in Guarani, auaty, abaty in Oma- 

 gua, awati in Cocama.* This word, or the aba of the Chib- 

 cha, clearly appears in Guiana, and is found apparently in 

 Florida, for the Timucua words are abo, corn-plant ; abopaha, 

 corn-crib; aboti, stick staff;' this similarity in words, how- 

 ever, may prove superficial to philologists competent to speak 

 on the subject. That the Arawaks carried these Tupi words 

 north with them is evident from the fact that certain Ara- 

 wak tribes had Tupi loan-words. Thus the Arawak tribe 

 Mariayos, on the Rio Negro, had yua-naty ; the Manaos, 

 on the Rio Negro, auaty ; the Maranhos, on the River Jatahy, 

 uaty. 



Columbus when he landed found maize on the West India 



1 The most archaic forms of Kechua are to be found in the Chincasaya (Northern i. 

 There the word for chicha is asua, and in Kechua proper, axa. Cf. American Race, 205 

 - Brinton, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc , 1892. 47; Kansas City Review, April. 1883 

 3 Martius Brasilian Sprache. 



1 Ruiz, Lengua Guarani. 1876; Martius Brasilian Sprache, 427. 

 '- Proc. Amer. Philos Soc , 1883 15. 



