198 Harshbcrger. — Maize: 



Cheaper food is also possible to the industrial population 

 with the better agricultural system, for a division of labor 

 into particular specialties of agricultural production is pos- 

 sible. This means a larger surplus for the laboring classes 

 and increase of efficiency, because the bodily system and 

 mind are improved by the use of better food. With increased 

 efficiency the hours of labor will be shortened, and, as a con- 

 comitant of the greater efficiency of the laborer, the cost of 

 manufactured goods will be lowered. The farmer is benefited 

 as well as the city man by this reduction in costs. 



The larger surplus applied to education increases the 

 intelligence of the community. 1 The increase of intelligence 

 checks the rapid multiplication of the population. " Only 

 when the increase of mankind shall be under the deliberate 

 guidance of judicious foresight can the conquest made from 

 the powers of nature by the energy of scientific discoveries 

 become the common property of the [race]." With the im- 

 proved industrial conditions and decrease of selfishness, by 

 philanthropic sympathy, a larger return goes to the laborer 

 as wages. Higher wages mean more comfort, and with 

 cheaper food the laboring man will make enormous strides 

 toward a high standard of life. 



The full development of the agriculture of a country fol- 

 lows a strong protective policy, for by it new markets are 

 created and fostered. New centres of industry mean a short 

 haul for the farmer. The soil is not exhausted as rapidly of 

 its ingredients, because the waste of large centers of popula- 

 tion is returned to the fields in the immediate vicinity of the 

 market. 



The stability of the social fabric, the agricultural prosperity 

 and the future industrial achievements of the nation, de- 

 pends upon a strong national spirit, which renders a society 

 dynamic. 



1 The very suggestive report of Dr. Harris, United States Commissioner of Education, 

 should be read in connection with the above. It shows clearly what a diversification of 

 industry and agriculture means for the social and moral education of the masses. Rep. 

 Com. Educ, 1889-90, Vol. 1, pages 22-26. 



