96 



BULLETIN UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA. 



THE MOURNING CLOAK; THE CAMBERWELL BEAUTY, Euvanessa 



antiopa, Linnaeus. Fig. 75. 



Fig. 75. Euvanessa antiopa, upper and lower surfaces of the wings. 



Butterfly — Expanse of wings, 2.5 to 3.5 inches, 64 to 90 mm. 

 Upper surface rich dark maroon-brown the border yellow sprinkled with 

 brown, and preceded by a black band containing a row of blue spots. The 

 costa is mottled with yellow and contains two yellow patches. 



Under surface traversed by numerous fine black abbreviated lines, 

 the outer margin pale buff sprinkled with brown, and preceded by a series 

 of confluent gray, blue-black-edged lunules. 



Early Stages — The female deposits the eggs in a cluster round the 

 twigs of willow, elms, or poplar near the petiole of a 

 leaf, upon which the young larvae may feed. 

 The mature larvae are two inches long, black, 

 minutely dotted with white which gives them 

 a grayish look; with a dorsal row of brick-red spots. 

 Head black, roughened with small black tubercles. 

 The spines on the body are black, rather long, slight- 

 ly branching. There are four on joints 2 and 3, six 

 on joints 4 and 5, and seven each on joints G to 12. 

 The last joint has two pairs of short spines, one be- 

 hind the other. 



The chrysallis is dark brown or gray, with two 



rows of spines along the back of the abdomen, two 



on the head in front, three on the edge of the wing- 



,. covers on each side, and a thin prominence on the 



Fig. 74. Kuvanessa antio- 

 pa, just «nierging from middle of the thorax. 



the chrysalis. 



Distribution — Generally over the North Temperate Zone. It has 



