MONTANA BOTANY NOTES 13 



Juniperus occidentalis Hooker Fl. Bor. Am. 2 166 (1840). "Western White 

 Juniper. This has not yet been reported from our region, but is likely to 

 grow west of the Lake on the dry hills. It is characterized by the thick 

 twigs, large berries, compact spray, rounded apple tree-like top and very 

 stout and erect trunk 1 to 2 feet thick, as well as by the leaves being in 

 threes. 



THUYA, ARBOR VITAE. 



Thuya plicata Donn Hort. Cantab. Ed. 6 249 (1811). T. gigantea Nutt. 

 Giant Cedar. Arbor Vitae. Cedar. This is a very tall and graceful tree, 

 outline conical, or linear-subulate in cross section, with spreading and much 

 drooping branches. The scale-like leaves green and shining, acuminate, 

 rather pubescent. Comes clustered toward the ends of the twigs, 13 mm. 

 long, the scales with a thin and acute mucro. Wood is fine grained, very 

 flexible and soft, light colored, reddish at center, durable, splitting readily 

 into fine flakes and much used for shingles. With us it is a slender tree 

 rarely a foot thick and 100 feet high, growing on wet north slopes along 

 with the larch and fir in the shade. The bark shreds up into long and thin 

 flakes 1 to 2 feet long, which are reddish. The upper stems smooth and 

 light brown. Branches many and slender. It is at once recognized by the 

 scale-like leaves arranged on branches, forming great flattened wands, and 

 by the cones. Huckleberry Spring, on the Swan River road. This is sold 

 as white cedar by the lumbermen throughout Montana. Common at Mc- 

 Donald Lake in the Mission Mountains. Not seen on the Atlantic slope. 



At both lakes there are magnificent forests with some trees 4 feet in 

 diameter. 



CHAMAECYPARIS, YELLOW CEDAR. 



Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis (Lamb). Spach. Hist. Veg. 11 333 (1842T. 

 Cupressus Nootkatensis Lambert Gen. Pin. 2 18 (1824). This has been re- 

 ported from near our region, but is probably an error for the Thuya. 



PINUS, PINE. 



Leaves less than 5 in each cluster. Bark rough. 



Leaves in twos, 2-3 inches long. Cones persistent for years, 

 small, about 1.5-2 inches long, obliquely- triangular-ovate when 

 closed. Slender trees with many and mostly whorled 

 branches. P. contorta. 



Leaves in threes, rarely in twos, about 6 inches long. Cones 

 oval 3-4 inches long, dark-purple. Branches seldom oppo- 

 site, few, large. Very large trees P. ponderosa. 

 Leaves in fives. Bark smooth on all the upper part of trees, very 

 resinous. Wood soft and white, rather brittle. 

 Cones ovate to almost round, very dark, rarely 3 inches long. 

 Low and scraggly trees growing in rocky places in subalpine 

 situations. P. albicoulis. 

 Cones nearly apple-green, cylindrical, 4-8 inches long. 



Low and scraggly trees, widely branched. Leaves rigid, 

 dark-green. Branches few and large. P. flexilis. 



Tall and stately trees with slender, weak and light- 

 green leaves. Bark oak-like. Branches whorled and 

 many. P. monticola. 



Pinus contorta Douglas in London Arb. Frut. 4 2292 f. 2210, 2211 (1838). 

 What corresponds partly with the type of this species is a small and 

 scraggly tree growing at timber line on McDonald peak, and probably else- 

 where. It has small and very oblique cones not opening for several years 

 after maturity and slender leaves 1 to 1.5 inches long. The type is a tree 

 of the wet coasts of the Sound in a very different life zone. Upper Marias 

 Pass, Lake Louise. 



