36 BULLETIN UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 



Crataegus Columbiana Howell, Fl. 163 (1898). Columbian Hawthorne. 

 This has gone under the name of C. occidentalis Britton and C. macracantha 

 Liodd. as well as C. coccinea, and in all probability one name is as good as 

 the other. There is no warrant whatever for the infinitessimal subdivision 

 of Crataegus as is done by Sargent, Ashe, Britton, Rydberg ana others. It 

 can end only in making a species out of almost every sheet of specimens. 

 Crataegus is remarkably sensitive to soil and drainage, like Amelanchier, 

 and its leaves respond at once to varying conditions by their size and the 

 amount of dissection of the margin as well as by the thickness. Another 

 element of confusion lies in the fruit being red when immature in both 

 species, turning black only at tlie last moment in C. Douglasii, and if speci- 

 mens are taken by the grab sample way in which most are taken there is 

 no reliance to be placed on the color. The only safe guide seems to be in 

 the relation of the spines and leaves to each other. When the leaves are 

 narrow and little dissected the spines are often slender. This is particu- 

 larly true of the forms in the interior to which Greene has given the name 

 salicifolia. The red fruited species in our region is common along creeks 

 in the same situations as the other, and along the lake shore. When 

 starved the leaves are small and the fruits few, but the bushes are very 

 scraggly and thorny with generally branched thorns twice to four times as 

 long as in the other species. Leaves normally much wider and more cut. 

 The upper bark is smooth and gray, the lower bark rough in flakes. Fruit 

 often as wide as long and sometimes yellow in trees growing side by side, 

 and nearly always shorter and wider than in the other species. It is a 

 pretty tree in the fall with its red fruit. Poison, Bigfork, St. Ignatius Mis- 

 sion, Wild Horse Island, Dayton, Hot Springs, where it is more abundant 

 than the other. Wild Horse Island (Elrod), Rost Creek (MacDougal), Poison 

 (UmlDach, as C. occidentalis). Middle Temperate life zone. Some trees were 

 completely covered by the red fungus Roestelia. No Crataegus in the Sperry 

 Glacier region. 



20. AMELANCHIER. SERVICE BERRY. 



Amelanchier ainifolia Nutt. Gen. 1 306 (1818), and Jour. Phil. Acad. 7 22 

 (1834). This is the most sensitive to climatic differences of any species in 

 the family. The humid regions have large and thin leaves with many teeth, 

 long petals and racemose inflorescence, and fruit often half an inch wide. 

 The most arid and hot regions have the leaves often not over half an inch 

 long and nearly circular, and witli few teeth, very thick and leathery, short 

 petioles and raceme often reduced to a single pedicel, but in all this variance 

 there is not a single permanent specific character. Our forms come near to 

 those described as C. C'usickii Fernald with oval and subcordate leaves and 

 long petals nearly an inch long. Fruit either one to few in a place or 

 racemose, small or large, juicy or not. Common in dry places. Bigfork, 

 Yellow Bay, on all the islands, Dayton, ISt. Ignatius Mission, McDonald Peak, 

 Hot Springs. Elrod Peak (Elrod) and Wild Horse Island. Missoula (Mac- 

 Dougal and Elrod). Mission Creek, Lake McDonald to St, Mary's Lake, but 

 not so common because of too much humidity, Ravalli, Ronan, Alta, McDon- 

 ald Lake in the Mission Mountains. 



Amelanchier ainifolia var. Utahensis (Koehne) Jones, is reported by both 

 Piper and Rydberg from Washington and Montana but it does not grow in 

 either state. Its habitat is on the edge of the Tropical life zone, und,er 

 wholly different climatic conditions. The type of this variety is in my own 

 herbarium collected by myself. 



Pyrus Americana (Marsh) DC. Frequent from Alta northward. 



Pyrus Sitchensis (Roem.) Piper. Blackfoot Glacier, Yellow Bay. There 

 is doubt of the validity of this species. 



Lupinus sericeus Pursh. Common in open pine woods from Alta north- 

 ward. 



