Monotropaceae with Reference to Ericaceae 51 



Alcoholic Material 



Sarcodes sanguinea — Collected by Miss Edith M. Farr in 

 California. 



Herbarium Material 



Descriptions of the plants and microscopic studies of the 

 flowers of Pyrola secunda, P. minor, P. chlorantha, P. aphylla, 

 Pterospora andromedea, Schweinitzia odorata, Pleuricospora fim- 

 briolata, have been made from the Herbarium of the University 

 of Pennsylvania. Those of Allotropa virgata, Newberrya spicata, 

 N. congesta, were examined from the Herbarium of the Phila- 

 delphia Academy of Natural Sciences. 



As it was impossible for the writer to get fresh material of 

 the roots of Moneses nniflora, the Herbarium of the Bronx 

 Botanical Garden, through the kindness of Dr. F. W. Pennell, 

 sent several herbarium sheets for examination. 



Through the kindness of Mr. W. R. Taylor, the writer was 

 given the opportunity of examining sections of the leaves and 

 stems of ericaceous plants, collected on Mount Washington by 

 him, including Cassiope hypnoides, Chiogenes hispidula, Ledum 

 groenlandicum, Loiseleuria procumbens, Rhododendron lapponi- 

 cum, Vaccinium uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea. 



The writer wishes to state here her deep appreciation of the 

 assistance given and the constant interest shown by Dr. J. M. 

 Macfarlane in the preparation of this paper. 



The Underground Root and Stem Systems 



The mature underground system in C. umbellata consists of 

 horizontal, thick, white runners or rhizomes bearing scales, in 

 the axil of which occur two buds, the first developing into an- 

 other branch or runner, the second into an adventitious root. 

 The end of the runner finally pushes above the surface of the 

 ground and produces a whorl of leaves. The roots are very 

 small, wiry, and do not branch profusely. This method of 

 underground stem branching is characteristic of a number of 

 typical Ericaceae. Warming (84) describes and figures it for 

 Andromeda polifolia L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., V. uliginosum L., 

 V. vitis-idaea L., V. oxycoccus L. (figs. 19, 27, 29, 32, 35). 



The underground systems of C. maculata, Pyrola rotundifolia, 

 P. elliptica, P. secunda, P. minor, P. chlorantha are similar to 

 that of C. umbellata (Warming (84) figs. 38, 39). 



In P. aphylla, it consists, according to Holm (30) of runners 

 as in the other Pyrolas, one of which rising to the surface may 



