52 Henderson — Comparative Study of Pyrolaceae and 



produce green leaves, another an inflorescence with only scale 

 leaves. Holm and Drude (12) report the presence of adven- 

 titious buds arising from the roots and forming flowering or 

 vegetative shoots. Irmisch (30) reports this same reproduc- 

 tion by root shoots in P. secunda and P. chlorantha. Holm 

 states that this also occurs in P. picta, C. umbellata, and C. 

 maculata, though none of the writer's material of the latter 

 genus shows this. 



This reproduction by adventitious buds from the roots in 

 P. aphylla forms a connecting link with the condition in Moneses 

 uniflora. Warming (85) and Irmisch (32) state that in this spe- 

 cies there is a horizontal root from which arises a leaf-bearing 

 shoot terminating in an inflorescence. Warming states that 

 a root arises from the horizontal one at the base of each shoot. 

 In other words, there is no rhizome present; the horizontal 

 root here takes over the function of the rhizome in producing 

 leaf- and flower-bearing shoots. The occasional production of 

 adventitious buds on the roots of P. aphylla has become habitual 

 in Moneses uniflora — this being the only method of vegetative 

 reproduction in the latter. The main root of M. uniflora re- 

 sembles the rhizomes in the Pyrolas excepting for the absence 

 of scales on it; normal secondary roots are produced from the 

 root at the base of the vegetative shoot and at irregular inter- 

 vals along its course. 



MacDougal (48) states that " Pterospora andromedea is fur- 

 nished with an ovoid mass of dark brown club-shaped roots 

 which ramify densely through a space of not more than 150-200 

 cc. in which the roots occupy a much greater proportion of the 

 volume than the included humus." There are several primary 

 roots which branch and rebranch, all intertwining to form a 

 "compact globoid mass." He states that inflorescence buds 

 arise from the horizontal root. 



Oliver (58) has described the appearance of the root system 

 of Sarcodes sanguinea. He states: "The roots are attached 

 in great quantities to the bases of the flowering shoots and 

 form large and intricately woven masses of 'coralline' appear- 

 ance." The main axis bears numerous secondary roots which 

 in turn produce tertiary ones. The surface is of a "deep brown 

 color," showing a "certain roughness of texture" due to their 

 being invested with a fungal sheath. He states that the plant 

 is vegetatively reproduced by buds from the roots. 



