Monotropaceae with Reference to Ericaceae 77 



ular. Stalked glandular hairs occur on the margins of all 

 scales. 



In Sarcodes sanguinea, the leaves, as described by Oliver (58), 

 "show a gradual transition in form from the small scales at the 

 base to the thick fleshy ones covering the greater part of the 

 vegetative portion of the shoot. These again pass over into 

 the linear bracts. The leaves and bracts are fringed with 

 stalked glands." The outer surfaces of the leaves toward the 

 base of the flower stalks are smooth ; toward the tip they become 

 slightly pubescent, the flower bracts becoming quite markedly 

 pubescent. All the leaves and bracts are crimson in color. 



In Monotropa hypopitys, the leaves are reduced to small oval- 

 triangular, somewhat thick, yellow, slightly puberulent scales, 

 pressed tightly against the flowering axis. They are arranged 

 closely together at the base of the flower axis, but become 

 separated further up. 



In M. uniflora, the leaves are like those of M. hypopitys, 

 except that they are white and glabrous and much more mem- 

 branous. 



In Pleuricospora fimbriolata, the leaves are likewise reduced 

 to pale brownish scales that are small, imbricating at the base, 

 but become larger and more distant from each other above. 

 They all have hair-like processes on their margins, resembling 

 somewhat an incompletely developed stalked gland of Sarcodes. 



This reduction of leaves to scales and the general arrangement 

 of these are similar in Allotropa, Schweinitzia, and Newberrya. 



In typical Ericaceae, as in the Pyrolaceae, there is produced, 

 after the foliage leaves of one year, a leaf or flower bud covered 

 with bud scales. This gives the alternating series of scale 

 leaves and foliage leaves seen in the Pyrolaceae. In the Eric- 

 aceae the scales are deciduous, falling off shortly after the leaves 

 unfold. In the Pyrolaceae, they are persistent and green, or 

 greenish membranous for the season, then becoming brownish 

 and lasting for 2-4 years. This persistence of the scales through 

 the season also occurs in all members of the Monotropaceae. 

 Here they are enlarged and take the place of foliage leaves. 



In Ericaceae the foliage leaves are always green and usually 

 quite leathery, in most also evergreen for two or more years. 

 The genus Chimaphila and some of the Pyrolas, i. e., P. rotundi- 

 folia, are also evergreen and leathery, but in other species of 



