142 Boeshore — The Morphological Continuity of 



veloped endosperm and the undeveloped endosperm of the seed 

 . . . . from both especially through their parasitism. 

 The one-celled fruit separates them from the Scrophulariaceae 

 with which they have also much in common." (Present Au- 

 thor's Trans.) 



Fritsch (3, p. 141) under the Gesneraceae treats the connec- 

 tions of Gesneraceae with related families, especially with the 

 Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae and Bignoniaceae, and holds 

 that a sharp distinction can scarcely be drawn between these 

 families. He further says, "Hingegen stehen die Orobancha- 

 ceae den Gesneraceae so nahe, dass die Auffassung derselben als 

 einer parasitischen, laubblattlosen Unterabteilung der Gesner- 

 iaceae keinen grossen Fehler involvieren diirfte. Immerhin ist 

 die Placentation und der Bau des Frkn. iiberhaupt ein Unter- 

 scheidungsmal zwischen den Gesneriaceae, Orobanchaceae und 

 Scrophulariaceae. " 



Baillon (4) makes no comparison of the Scrophulariaceae with 

 the Gesneraceae and Orobanchaceae. He does not consider the 

 Gesneraceae and Orobanchaceae as two separate families, but 

 regards the Orobanchaceae (of other authors) as a parasitic ser- 

 ies of the Gesneraceae. 



LeMaout and Decaisne (5, p. 593) include the genus Hyo- 

 banche in the Orobanchaceae, though on account of its two-celled 

 ovary, most authors place it in the Scrophulariaceae. The fol- 

 lowing is stated: "Orobanchaceae approach the Scrophulari- 

 aceae in their regular corolla, didynamous stamens, capsular 

 fruit, and albuminous embryo; they differ in their leafless and 

 scaly stem and parietal placentation. This placentation, their 

 glandular disk, and the preceding characters ally them to Ges- 

 neraceae, from which they are separated by their scattered 

 scales, parasitism, hypogynous corolla, and basilar embryo." 

 Warming (6, p. 525-28) places Lathraea in the family of Scro- 

 phulariaceae. The plant is described as pale yellow, or reddish 

 (without chlorophyll) ; it is parasitic on the roots of the Hazel, 

 Beech, and other shrubs or trees, having an aerial stem, and an 

 underground perennial rhizome .covered with opposite, scale- 

 like, more or less fleshy leaves. It approaches Gesneraceae in 

 having a unilocular ovary with two parietal placentae. With 

 him Orobanchaceae finds no place as a family, the genus Oroban- 

 che being included in the Gesneraceae. "Orobanche (Broom- 

 rape) is allied to this order as a parasitic form." 



