Scrophulariaceae and Orobanchaceae 165 



The anthers in the various genera of the Gesneraceae con- 

 form to a totally different type from that shown alike in Scro- 

 phulariaceae and Orobanchaceae. In the former, when the 

 flowers become nearly or quite regular as in cultivated varieties 

 of Gloxinia and also in species of Streptocarpus, as well as in other 

 genera, the anther lobes are adpressed at their tips and cohere 

 so as to form a solid antherine box. When the flowers are ir- 

 regular, as in nearly all members of the family, the 4 anthers are 

 pressed together in pairs by their tips. In the entire group fur- 

 ther, the bases of the anthers are either parallel and with blunt 

 rounded extremities, or the anther lobes diverge in their lower 

 part but are blunt and rounded in their divaricate bases. In 

 no case studied by the writer is there any indication of the anther 

 lobes being arranged in parallel pairs that at their lower ex- 

 tremities become prolonged into horned or horn-like awns. 

 This peculiarity is typical, as will be traced, in most of the 

 known parasitic Scrophulariaceae and directly continued as a 

 character to the Orobanchaceae. 



Of all the genera examined Gerardia flava might well be placed 

 at the top of the list regarding the size of its anthers. As illus- 

 trated in Plate XV, Fig. 17, the anther lobes are large, ellip- 

 tical, rounded at the upper extremities and at their lower ex- 

 tremities are projected abruptly into two long tapered, some- 

 what divergent processes. The front and sides of the anthers 

 are covered with numerous long, multicellular hairs. These 

 are present also on the filaments. 



The anthers of G. purpurea (Plate XV, Fig. 18) are smaller and 

 taper more gradually downward into processes that lie almost 

 parallel with each other. The filament is inserted above the 

 middle of the anther lobes. Anthers and filaments are hairy. 



In G. aphylla (Plate XV, Fig. 24) and G. aspera the processes' 

 are relatively short and less pointed than in the former species. 

 Both anthers and filaments are covered with hairs. 



In Melampyrum lineare the anthers agree fairly well with those 

 of G. purpurea, but are smaller. Along the filaments knob-like 

 swellings of 1 to 2 cells are seen. 



The antherine condition of Harveya is set forth in Plate XV, 

 Fig. 19 and has already been referred to. 



Other genera of Scrophulariaceae like Bartsia (Plate XV, Fig. 

 20) Tozzia, Bellardia, show likewise the downwardly-direc- 

 ted anther-processes. 



