13 



ESSENTIALS OF VEGETABLE PHARMACOGNOSY. 



the broad part being called the Lamina, 

 Blade or Limb. They are then said to be 



calyx and corolla together when both 

 exist, constitute the Perigone, less aptly 

 Unguicnlate, Usually their form is more called the Perianth, or Floral Envelopes. 



A flower possessing both calyx and corolla 

 is called Dichlamydeous; one with calyx 

 only, Monochlamydeous, indicated by 

 Co, and one with neither, Achlamydeous 

 or Naked, indicated by Ko-Co. Those 

 which are not dichlamydeous are called 

 Apetalous. A flower possessing calyx, 

 corolla, androecium and gynaecium is 

 called Complete. Some plants habitually 

 produce a portion of their flowers without 



essential organs (Fig 23 a). Such flowers 

 are called Neutral. It must ever be borne 

 in mind that all these parts are con- 

 structed of the modified leaves of the 

 floral branch. The latter is called the 

 Torus or Thalamus, or, less desirably, the 

 Receptacle- The torus may, therefore, 

 be defined us tlie reduced branch irhich 

 gives origin to the parts of the flower 



Figs, IG a, 22 and 23.) 



The relation of these parts to their 

 branch may be displayed by comparing 

 the leafy stem of a lily with the dissec- 

 tion of a lily flower (Fig. 19). What ap- 

 pears to be a double calyx, or one calyx 

 outside of another, is frequently seen. 

 This appearance is sometimes due to the 

 actual manifestation of two circles, as in 

 the mustard; at others to appendaging 



obviously foliaceous than that of the (see Fig, 31); sometimes to a' circle of 



stamens and carpels, and frequently in 



color and texture, particularly of the 



seoals, they are also foliaceous. 



modified foliage leaves standing close to 

 the torus (Figs. 20 and 21 a), and known 

 as the Epicalyx. When, as in the last case, 

 calyx and corolla may, however, possess the flower has in addition a calyx and 



The 



Fio-. 2q 



S 



fig.. 2/. 



fig. 2.3 



any color or texture and they may becorolla the real nature of the epicalyx is 

 similar or dissimilar, usually the latter, in 

 this feature. The color and texture of the 



But when (Fig. 22) 



petals, as of the sepals, may even differ 

 among themselves- The calyx, or the 



readily understood. 



there is no corolla, the calyx (b) being col- 

 ored like one, the epicalyx (c) may easily 

 be mistaken for a calyx. In this instance. 



