24 



ESSENTIALS OF VEGETABLE PHARMACOGNOSY. 



or limb is flat, or nearly so, upon a cylin- 

 drical or cylindraceous tube, it is called 

 Hypocrntorimorphous or Salver-form, as 

 in the flower of the coffee (Fig. 78). A 

 corolla which is bell-shaped is called Cam- 

 panulate (Fig. 79). Of this there are two 

 sub-forms, the Open and Contracted (Fig. 

 80). The term Globular or Globose is 

 self-explanatory. It may be specified 

 however, that the mouth must be small 

 and with no conspicuous limb, or with 

 the limb turned back flat against the 

 body. Approaches to the globular form 

 are called Sub-globular or Globoidal. 

 Other related forms are the Ovoid or egg- 

 shaped and Oblong. A somewhat globoi- 

 dal form, with conspicuous recurved mar- 

 gin, is Urceolate or Urn-shaped (Fig. 81). 

 Of the broader or more widely expanded 

 forms, the campanulate develops outward 

 into the Hemispherical and the Crateri- 

 form or Saucer-shaped, as in the Kalmia 

 (Fig. 82). When still more flattened out 

 it becomes Rotate or "Wheel-shaped, as 

 in the Solanum (Fig. 72). 

 A gamopetalous corolla frequently has 



without any manifest curve, its axis i» 

 turned from the perpendicular, so that it 

 rests more or less against one side of the 

 calyx. It may be Straight or Curved, ancJ 

 the curvature may be Simple or Com- 

 pound, as in the calyx of Aristolochia 

 (Fig, 85). When dilated upon one side 

 only it is Ventricose, as in some species 

 of Salvia (Fig. 86), or, if the swelling is 

 small and prominent, Gibbous (Fig. 87a). 

 When the swelling is carried downward, 

 so as to form a sac, as in Cypripedium 

 (Fig. 88a) it is called Saccate. When the 

 dilation is directed upward, so as to form 

 a hood, as in Aconite (Fig. 89), it is called 

 Cucullate or Galeate, and when the hood 

 is compressed laterally and much en- 

 larged proportionally to the size of the 

 body it is called Cristate. Most of these 

 terms are also applicable to a single lip 

 of the form next to be considered. When 

 one or more of the lobes of a corolla are 

 separated from the others by a deeper 

 sinus than those of the others it is called 

 Labiate or Lipped. If the fissure pro- 

 ceeds entirely across the corolla, cuttingoff 



a fissure on one side extending nearly or the lower portion, it becomes One-lipped, 



entirely to the base, as in the Lobelia Otherwise it is Bilabiate or Two-lipped 



(Fig. 83). When in addition the corolla (Pig, gG). The two lips are denominated 



or the split portion of it then loses its respectively the Upper or Inner (a); that 



tubular form, becoming flattened out, it ^-i^jeh is nearer the stem of the plant 



is called Ligulate or Strap-shaped, as in when the flower and its stem are standing 



the Dandelion (Fig. 84), 



erect and w^ithout any twisting, and the 



The applicability to the tube and limb Lower or Outer (b). It is always of im- 



separately of many of the terms here ap- 

 plied to the entire corolla is apparent. It 

 should be noted, however, that verv de- 

 tailiMl descriptions of these respective 

 parts, as well iS of the throat, with specifi- 

 cation of any irregularities and marks, 

 are often imi>eratively demanded. This 

 is especially true in cases of the florets of 



w 



the Compositae, where such characters, 

 although very slight, frequently serve for 

 specific distinction. 



Special terms for forms resulting from 

 the possession of appendages will be con- 

 sidered later. 



Terms proceeding from irregularity will 

 next be considered, commencing with 

 those applicable to the entire body. 



Either the base or the mouth is Oblique 

 when a plane trans-secting it Is not at 

 right angles to the floral axis. The body 

 is declined (Fig. 87) when, either with or 



portance to note the number of lobes in- 

 cluded in each lip, in doing which the 

 student may be misled either by chorisis, 

 one or more extra lobes making their ap- 

 pearance, or by cohesion, two lobes co- 

 alescing into one so as to simulate sup- 

 pression. Two forms of the bilabiate 

 corolla are commonly recognized — the Kin- 

 gent, in which the lips stand widely apart 

 (Fig. SG), and the Personate, in which the 

 mouth is occluded (Fig. 90). 



Several distinctive titles are applied to 

 flower-forms which are characteristic of 

 large and important orders or sub-orders, 

 the Labiate being one. Another is the 

 Papilionaceous, in reference to its simu- 

 lation of the form of a butterfly (Papilio), 

 as in the common Pea (Fig. 91). The five 

 petals are as follows: Two (a) are more 

 or less coherent by their lower edges to 

 form the Body or Keel; two others (b) are 



