APPENDAGES. 



25 



denominated the Wings; the fifth (c) is 

 large, broad and commonly reflexed so as 

 to appear erect, and is called the Vexillum 

 or Standard. 



Appendages to the perigone, while less 

 numerous and varied than in the case of 

 the other organs, call for our careful at- 

 tention, as they sometimes occasion false 

 ■interpretations. In the sense in which 

 the term is here employed we do not refer 

 to hairs and similar outgrowths which 

 modify the surface of the parts, and 

 which pertain equally to other parts of 

 the plant, but to developments which 

 pertain distinctly to the flower, modifying 



tended into conspicuous appendages have 

 already been referred to. Sometimes the 

 apex is shnilarly greatly prolonged into 

 a Cauda or Tail, an extremely exagger- 

 ated form of which is sometimes seen. 

 An apex extended into an acute, stiff 

 point is an Arista or Awn (Fig. Go). An 

 awn sometimes emanates from the pro- 

 ducing organ at the back, instead of at 

 the apex, and is then called a Dorsal 

 Awn. An awn-like body which is hollow 

 is a Cornu or Horn (Fig. 126, a). A horn- 

 like appendage extending downward is 

 called a Calcar or Spur (Fig. 52). All of 

 the appendages noticed above may be 



F.g..<?^. 



its structure or functions, or commonl}- 

 both, in some important way. In Nican- 

 dra (Fig. 92) we observe a slight appen- 

 dage at the base of the calyx-lobe on 

 either side and directed downward. Such 

 an appendage, because of its resemblance 

 to the lobe of the ear, is called an Auricle. 

 A similar appendage Is sometimes di- 

 rected upward, and by its union with 

 the contiguous one forms an organ ex- 

 actly resembling an intermediate or false 

 sepal, as in the Strawberry (Fig. 31). 

 Such appendages, which undergo con- 

 siderable variation in form and consist- 

 ency, may or may not be stipular in their 

 nature. Marginal teeth or filaments ex- 



?/> lOL 



Tl^ iOO. 



'?■ 



found upon either calyx or corolla- 

 Sacs to the corolla are sometimes in- 

 truded, as In Mertensia (Figs. 94 and 95), 

 instead of extruded. The corolla is then 

 said to be Fornicate. Instead of sacs 

 there may be longitudinal folds. When a 

 single large sac occludes the mouth of a 

 bilabiate corolla it is called a Palate 

 (Fig. 76, d). Many appendages such as we 

 have noticed are secretory in function 

 and they may even be glandular in form. 

 Doubtless the various secretions are char- 



acteristic, and might, in pharmacy, in 

 exceptional cases be utilized for diagnos- 

 tic purposes, but the attempt has never 

 yet been made. 



