FORMS OF STYLE AND STIGMA 



;53 



tate (Fig. 169). A capitate stigma is late (Fig. 187). A Plumose stigma is 



often Truncate (Fig. 170). If flattened shown in Fig. 188. Such prevail among 



and attached at the centre it is Peltate the grasses. 

 <Figs. 157 and 171), and this may be hori- 



The number 



a com- 

 zontal or oblique, as in the latter. The pound pistil is indicated by the use 



of carpels in 

 indicated 



Tuj i{>S. 



Jiq iU 



lie, A I, J. Tiqm 



Fi 



1 



i-o^f-. 



/r 



'- 



i ' '' 



Ti'j 1 71 . 



Ti^ia Tigi/4 



peltate stigma may have its margin re- 

 flexed, making it umbrella-shaped (Fig. 

 172), or upturned, making it cup-shaped, 



and either of 



or Cupulate 

 those forms 



(Figs. 174 

 laminar 



(Fig. 173), 

 may be lobed 

 and 175). Several oblique 

 forms are shown in Figs. 176 to 179, 



the man- 



The 



b, in the latter, displaymg 



nor in which it enfolds the stamen. 



of the appropriate numeral followed by 

 the suffix "carpellary," thus Dicarpel- 

 lary, Tricarpellary. The determination 

 of the number of carpels is of the ut- 

 most necessity, but is usually a diffi- 

 cult task for the beginner, especially if 

 Qot previously trained in the art of 

 plant dissection. The indications may 

 be divided into external and inter- 

 nal. The latter must be apprehended 

 from the study of internal structure ex- 

 plained below. The external indications 

 are as follows: — The number of pistils 

 when these arc nionocarpoUary or simple 

 (Figs. 22 and 23); for complete chorisis of 

 a carpel (except apparently in fruit), 

 producing a duplication, never exists. If 

 cohesion is partial, even though so nearly 

 complete as to leave a separation renre- 

 sented by a mere lobing at apex (Fig. 189) 

 or dorsum (Figs. 190 and 191). the deter- 

 mination is scarcely more difficult. It is 

 true that the latter condition is often com- 

 plicated by grooving or pseudo-lobing per- 

 taining to the backs of the individual car- 

 pels, but such lobes are usually '^haracter- 

 istically different from those separating 

 the carpels. While the above remarks 

 have been applied especially to the ovary, 

 they may be applied with equal force to 

 the styles and stigmas. If the exterior of 

 the ovary bear no indications of the num- 

 ber of carpels, we may count the styles, or 

 the divisions or apical or dorsal lobes of 

 a style-column, and if all those be want- 



I-./, 



F.n- 02 



fltigmas sometimes form a ring at or be- 

 low the apex, the Annular form, various 

 modifications of which, unlobed and lobed, 

 are shown in Figs. 180 to 184. Such 

 forms prevail in the order Apocynaceae 

 and are of great value in classification. 

 A stigma (or other organ) with a brush- 



like plume or appendage is called Penicii- or stigmas. 



7;, //-o Tk;/77 7;M//a 



ing, then the corresponding characters of 

 the stigmas or stigma. It must be noted, 

 however, that complete or partial chorisis 

 of style or stigma is not at all rare, and 

 care must be taken to avoid falling into 

 error. In such case the number of lobes 

 of each is apt to equal the number of styles 



In the case of failure of all 



