38 



ESSENTIALS OF VEGETABLE PHARMACOGNOSY 



calyx and corolla it is called an Antho- 

 pliore. Sometimes, as in Viscaria (Fig. 

 215) the anthophore may be very slight, 

 80 as to escape detection until a longi- 

 tudinal section reveals its presence. A 

 similar elongated portion between corolla 

 and androecium is a Gonophore (Fig. 216, 

 a). One between androecium and gynne- 

 cium (Fig, 21G, b) is a Gynophore. A 

 thecapbore (Fig. 9) often resembles a 

 gynophore and may be mistaken for it. 

 The point of articulation and separation 

 at maturity will determine whether the 

 stalk is a portion of the ovary or of the 

 torus. A slender extension of the torus 

 upward among the carpels, which are at- 

 tached to it, constitutes the Carpophore, 

 as in Geranium (Fig. 230). The presence 

 of a carpophore is almost characteristic 

 of plants in the Umbelliferae (Fig, 230A). 

 In the Boraginaceae it is frequently re- 

 duced to a pyramidal or conical form, or 

 shortened and laterally expanded until it 

 it is merely convex or even plane. To all 

 such modifications the term Gynobase is 

 applied. In this condition it may become 

 hollowed out at the insertion of the car- 

 pels, as in borage (Fig. 217). In all forms 

 of the gynobase it is important to note 

 the point of attachment of the divisions of 

 the ovary and the scars which the latter 

 leave upon removal. The above consid- 

 erations refer to elongations of internodes 

 of the torus. The condition of adnation of 

 floral parts may. upou the other hand, be 

 looked upon as one in which the normally 

 very short internodes of the torus are 

 still further shortened, so as to bring the 

 parts into most intimate connection. In- 

 stead of undergoing a mere elongation of 

 its internodes the torus may be laterally 

 expanded at any or all points, with or 

 without elongation also, and in innumer- 

 able forms. An expansion or appendage 

 of this kind, although the term may prop- 

 erly be regarded as including all forms 

 of enlargement or expansion of the torus 

 IS called a Disk. The simplest form is 

 perhaps that seen in the blackberry (Fig 

 363, although the most of the enlarge^ 

 ment here seen, as in the next, is the ac- 

 creacence of fructification), that of a hem- 

 isphere with the pistils arranged upon its 

 surface. The disk of the strawberry 

 ihig, 262) is similar, but the pistils are 



partly immersed. In the rose, a related 

 plant (Fig. 46), the form is modified by 

 the elevation of the margins instead of 

 the centre, so that a cup-shaped disk is 

 formed, the pistils attached over its inner 

 surface. In the cherry (Fig. 44), also 

 related, and the apple the disk is thin 

 and lines the calyx tube, the one (in the 

 former) or few (in the latter) pistils being 

 centrally placed, and in the former re- 

 maining free from the disk. In the mag- 

 nolia (Pig. 218) the torus is vertically 

 much elongated and at the same time 

 much thickened, the pistils adnate along 

 its surface. In the Nelumbo the torus 

 (Fig. 219) is enlarged into a top-shaped 

 or Turbinate body, with the pistils im- 

 bedded in the flat upper surface. Instead 

 of thus occupying a hypogynous position 

 the disk may be projected between any 

 two of the circles, and it may be wholly 

 or partly adnate to either (Fig. 228a), or 

 both of them or it may be entirely free. 

 When adnate to both it is plain that it 

 becomes responsible for the existing ad- 

 nation between the latter. It may then 

 exist only at the base (Fig. 228), or it 

 may entirely fill up the interspace between 

 the parts and even become epigyuous, so 

 that the ovary is immersed in it or buried 

 underneath it (Fig. 220a), The adnate 

 disk may be shorter or longer than the 

 circle to which it is adnate. The simplest 

 manifestation of the disk is that of a 

 mere swelling or ring (Fig. 221) at the 

 summit of the torus; its greatest that in 

 which it becomes an elongated cup or 

 tube (Fig. 222). Either form may be en- 

 tire or more or less divided, from that 

 with a mere sinuately lobed margin (Fig, 



223) through the toothed and lobed (Fig. 



224) to that consisting of entirely sep- 

 arate divisions (Fig, 225). It may be reg- 

 ular, as in the above illustrations, or very 

 irregular (Fig, 226), and cohesion may 

 exist between some of its divisions while 

 the others are free (Fig, 227). The lower 

 portion may be adherent while the upper, 

 lobed or entire, will be free (Fig. 228). 

 It may be itself appendaged, and it may 

 or may not be glandular in nature. Fi- 

 nally, we note that the disk may be 

 double, its two circles occupying different 

 internodes of the torus. The texture of 

 the disk is commonly thicker than that of 



