118 



PLANT ANATOilY. 



tozoa, in which a certain amount of 

 chlorophyll is found. 



Many of the iK^rbs and trees tindorgo 

 wonderful color tnmsforniations which 

 are, in the main, due to chemical niodifi- 

 tion of the chlorophyll; these modifica- 

 tions arc of a very intricate nature which 

 is hut Utile understood. The brownish 

 green is said to be due to the acid 

 rhyllocynnlu; it is the commonest colora- 

 tion met with in the dried drugs of the 

 market, (a) 



a 



Fiff. 13.- Chlorophyll grains E. A cell filled with 

 chloroi>hyll grains, a Clilorophyll grain, h. c. d. 

 starch inclusions in grains. (Tschirch). 



The chlorophyll grain often contains 

 Inclusions; these may be: 



(a) Formed. Starch, the most import- 

 ant; Protein Crystalloids, rarely. 



(b) Unformed. Fatty oils, coloring 

 mutters and a number of minute and lit- 

 tle understood materials. 



The coloring matters of the lower ord- 

 ers of plant life, as Diatoms, Marine 



Fig. 14.— rhromatopbores from flowers of Trop- 

 aeolum and from fruit of Capsicum. (Tschirch). 



and Fresh Water Algae that are other 

 than green, are mainly mixtures of 

 chlorophyll and other coloring materials. 

 Chondrus crispus, our only official alga, 

 is reddish to purple, and its coloring 



(a) See Tschirch, p. 58, 



matter, like many of its kind, is com- 

 posed of chlorophyll and Phycoerythrin. 

 Other Chromoplasts. The numerous 

 coloring matters of flowers and fruits 

 are included under this comprehensive 

 head. These coloring matters for the 

 main may be considered as dissolved in 

 the cell sap, though this is not the abso- 

 lute rule by any means. In general it 

 has been observed that the oranges and 

 yellows are usually bound up with the 

 plastids, and the blues and reds are in 

 solution In the cell sap. These coloring 

 matters when organized enough to have 

 any form are quite irregular; triangular, 

 circular, oval and polyangular forms are 



found in the same plant. 



Bacterioiden. Within the past ten to 

 fifteen years there have been discovered 

 upon the roots of many plants, the fam- 

 ily Leguminosae in particular, peculiar 

 tubercular swellings which have been 

 found to contain small bacteria-like bod- 

 ies. The function of these bodies, it has 

 been inferred, is to take in nitrogen for 

 the plant, and numerous investigations 



fi 



E- 



Fig. 15.— Aleurone grains in seed of Sabadilla 

 H. Seed coats. E. Endosperm with oil drops and 

 aleurone grains. (Vogl. reduced). 



of the past few years seem to point in 

 that direction. The subject is in much 

 controversy, however, and time alone 

 can give us the correct solution of the 

 presence of these bodies, (a) 



3. THE NON-NITROGENOUS CELL. 

 CONTENTS. The most important of 

 these are the Fatty Oils, Fats, Starch, 

 Amylo-dextrin, Calcium salts and Sul- 

 phates, 



Oils and Fats. These are generally 

 found either in the protoplasm of the 

 cell body or in the cell cavity, in the 



(a) Tscliirch. Bericht. des 

 Gesell., vol. V.. p. 58. The 

 to that time is there given. 



Deut. Botan. 

 literature up 



