ARTICHOKE. 61 
while hot. They contain some amount of gummy substance, 
which makes them mucilaginous when boiled ; and the water in 
which they are boiled becomes quite a thick jelly when cold, 
making an excellent foundation for sauces. “As to the broad 
torus of the Sunflower, ere it comes to expand, and show its 
golden face, this being dressed as the Artichoke, is to be eaten 
for a daintie. I once made macaroons with the ripe, blanched 
seeds, but the turpentine so domineered over all that they did 
not answer expectations.” 
Turpentine consists of an essential hydrocarbon oil, and a resin, 
“ colophony ;”’ it exudes from the incised bark of pine trees as an 
oleo-resin, which we term spirit of turpentine. When swallowed 
in-a dose of from eight to twenty drops ina little milk, it promotes 
perspiration, and stimulates the bronchial mucous membrane. 
A larger dose might cause congestion of the kidneys, and stran- 
gury. For bleeding from the lungs five drops are to be given 
every half hour whilst needed. Quite small doses of turpentine, 
four drops or less, in milk, or on sugar, will promptly relieve 
kidney congestion. A pleasant form in which turpentine can be 
given is when made into a confection with honey and liquorice 
powder. In the low stages of bronchial pneumonic catarrh, 
turpentine will often prove specifically a saving sheet-anchor to 
rescue the patient. A capital way of then administering it is as 
turpentine punch. Rub a little fresh lemon rind on a lump of 
sugar: then drop from fifteen to twenty minims of spirit of 
turpentine on the lump of white sugar, and dissolve the same in a 
wineglassful of hot whisky punch; or the turpentine may be 
made into a smooth emulsion with yolk of egg, and peppermint 
water. It is to be noted that a destructive microbe, diplococcus 
pneumonie, underlies the lung-inflammation, and must be 
combated with germicidal remedies, turpentine being one of 
these. The inhalation of oxygen gas should be combined there- 
with in advanced severe cases. 
Sunflower seeds if browned in the oven as you would coffee, 
and then made into an infusion after being freshly ground like 
that berry, serve admirably for the relief of whooping cough. 
Sweeten the decoction, and let the affected child drink it freely, 
especially at night. 
The tubers of the Jerusalem Artichoke contain 80 per cent of 
water, 2 per cent of nitrogenized substance, a minute percentage 
of fat, 5 per cent of sugar, 1 per cent of inulin, and nearly 10 per 
