116 MEALS MEDICINAL. 
made of rye flour with which a small quantity of the spurred 
rye is included, is to be sometimes prescribed for defective spinal 
energy. 
Alum, as “ stuff,’ or “rocky,” is mixed with the dough by 
bakers in general for making Bread (about two ounces to 280 
pounds of dough), because it certainly improves the appearance 
of the Bread, whitens it, and causes the loaves to break more easily 
when separated from one another. Potatoes, again, are employed 
by bakers, under the name of “ fruit,’’ for bread-making—one 
peck to the sack of flour—not as an adulteration for cheapening 
the produce, but beneficially to assist fermentation; mashed 
in their skins, and with yeast added, they supply a ferment. 
“How is Bread made?” asked the Red Queen of Alice 
(Through the Looking Glass). “I know,” cried Alice, eagerly ; 
“you take some flour.” “ Where do you pick the flower?” 
the White Queen asked; “in a garden, or in the hedges 2? ” 
‘Well : it isn’t picked at all,” Alice explained ; “ it’s ground.” 
““ How many acres of ground ?” said the White Queen. 
The crust of Bread is shown to contain more proteid, or 
principal nutriment, than the crumb. Crust coffee is a light, 
useful drink for invalids, which resembles in colour an infusion 
of coffee berries, and is made by steeping well-browned, or 
toasted crusts of Bread in cold water. For making “ Brewis,” 
take as many crusts, and other fragments of dry Bread as will 
be required ; put them into a basin; pour over them sufficient 
boiling milk to well cover them; stand a plate on top of the 
vessel, and leave them to soak until they have absorbed the 
whole of the liquid, and are perfectly tender; then mash them 
to a smooth paste, removing any hard bits; stir in a small lump 
of fresh butter ; season with salt, and a squeeze of lemon-juice, 
and serve them hot, or cold, with a jug of butter-milk, or cream. 
One Tyson, in Manchester, a while ago, achieved fame as 
proprietor of a house noted for hot buttered toast. It was 
Tyson’s humour to supply for his customers only chops, steaks, 
Cumberland ham, hot buttered toast, and insolence. “ The 
excellence of his ham and toast, and the badness of his manners, 
were Tyson’s peculiar claims to remembrance. He walked 
about the place in his shirt sleeves, superintending proceedings, 
and showing rudeness to his customers. We regret to find 
that by these means he acquired fame, and wealth.” In the 
Book oj Nonsense, written by Edward Lear, London (1862), 
