COFFEE AND CHICORY. 189 
ceases until evening. For an attack of similar migraine arising 
from other causes, it will be found very useful to take hot, strong 
Coffee by the small teacupful every hour from the time of access 
until relief is obtained. A claim is advanced that the green, 
unroasted berries are helpful against disorders of the liver, and 
lidneys,—two parts of Mocha, and one part of Martinique, and 
Isle de Bourbon; put three drachms of these into a tumblerful 
of cold water overnight, and, after straining the infusion next 
morning, take it whilst fasting. For obtaining a cordial drink 
from roasted Coffee, it must be made hot, and strong; two 
ounces of the freshly-roasted and freshly-ground berry to a 
pint of boiling water is the smallest proportion which will give 
a good result. Three parts of hot milk to one of black Coffee is 
about the proper proportion for Café au lait. 
French Coffee has hitherto been made with more or _ less 
Chicory in combination, and sometimes with burnt sugar also. 
This Chicory is the root of the Wild Endive (Cichorium intybus). 
kiln-dried, and broken into fragments; the process of drying 
converts its sugar into caramel. As a rule French Coffee 
contains about one-third of its weight of Chicory, which gives 
a bitterish taste, and a dark colour to the brew. The chemical 
constituents of this Chicory, or Succory, are specially inulin, 
and a particular bitter principle not named. The root is fleshy 
and tapering like a parsnip; it is cut in pieces, and dried in a 
slack oven, after which it is again cut in smaller pieces and 
roasted like Coffee. Chicory when taken habitually, or too 
freely, causes passive congestion of the veins appertaining to 
the digestive organs within the abdomen, and a fulness of blood 
in the head; indeed, if used in excess it may bring about 
blindness, because of paralysing the retina of the eyes. The 
only benefit of quality which Chicory gives to Coffee is an 
increase of colour and body, but not by possessing any aroma 
of its own, or any fragrant oil, or stimulating virtue. French 
writers say it acts in an opposite direction, and is “ contre- 
stimulante,” serving to correct the excitation caused by the 
active principles of Coffee; and that therefore it suits persons 
who are by nationality sanguineo-bilious, and who would 
otherwise be liable to habitual tonic constipation caused by 
their plain Coffee. On the contrary, Chicory is ill-adapted for 
those persons whose vital energy overpowers itself, and speedily 
flags ; whilst for lymphatic and bloodless subjects its use should 
