ORANGE. 535 
be well to ask what Koch, the eminent pathologist, means when 
he pronounces that the tuberculosis of consumption is not 
inherited. If he means that children of consumptive parents are 
not born with tubercles ready formed, he is certainly right ; they 
are not so born. But they are born with the potency of both 
tubercles, and whiskers, for future development as life proceeds. 
And it is this predisposition which has to be slowly eradicated 
by the patient sanitation of several successive lifetimes, so that 
the bacillus of tuberculosis may then no longer find a soil which 
can support it. Microbes which produce disease are often 
known to occupy harmlessly an organism immune against their 
further development. Respecting the pursuance of open-air 
treatment in England, serious doubts may well be entertained 
as to whether, or not, this is safely, or hopefully practicable, 
because of our damp, chilly, changeable climate during nine 
months of the year. For a cure by open air such air must, as 
an essential requirement, be dry, pure, and of an equable 
temperature throughout. 
ORANGE. 
THERE are three principal varieties of the Orange (Aurantiwm),— 
the sweet, or China Orange (Citrus aurantium); the bitter, or 
Seville Orange, (or Bigarade), used because of its bitter rind 
for making marmalade; and the Bergamot Orange (Citrus 
medica bergamot). The Tangerine Orange is a sub-variety of the 
Mandarin, a small, flattened sort in which the rind separates 
very readily from the pulp, which is sweet, and delicious of 
flavour. The table, or China Orange, contains citric acid, 
citrate of potash, albumin, cellulose, water, and, when sweetly 
ripe, 8 per cent of fruit-sugar. Orange-peel affords a considerable 
quantity of fragrant aromatic oil, with a bitter principle, 
especially in the rind of the Seville Orange, which is darker in 
colour, and possesses tonic properties. Chemically the peel 
affords also hesperidin, a volatile oil, gallic acid, and cellulose. 
In the seventeenth century this peel was slowly masticated 
(when first nicely candied) for curing heartburn through an 
excess of acid in the stomach. If made into marmalade, the 
rind of the Seville Orange powerfully restrains immoderate 
fluxes of women. The leaves, and flowers, of the Orange tree 
have sedative virtues, and are esteemed as useful against 
