SUGAR AND. SYRUPS. 667 
powers, and faulty gastric juices. The levulose is a non- 
perishable syrup, freely soluble in hot water. Mothers may 
wisely give it made as a sweetmeat to their children instead of 
acid drops, and other lollipops. 
In A Vindication of Sugar, dedicated to the Ladies (1715), 
‘“‘ Nature,” says the writer, “ who has given you Ladies more 
accurate, and refined palates, has made you more competent 
judges of taste, as not being debauch’d by soure, and uncouth 
wines, or drams, or offensive smoak, or the more sordid juice 
of the Indian henbane, (which is tobacco,) or vitiated by salt, or 
soure pickles,—too much the delight of our coarser sex! For 
these reasons the great Evelyn chose a young damsel of virgin 
unprejudic’d palate to judge of his curious, and fav’rite liquor, 
Cyder.” Being, moreover, of a pleasant wit, he further allows 
that ‘‘ the fair sex who love their beauty, or are of fine propor- 
tions, must be a trifle cautious about Sugar, which may dispose 
them to be fatter than they may desire to become, who are afraid 
for their fine shapes; yet for this there is a compensation, as 
it gives them a very wholesome, and goodly countenance, and 
sweetens peevish, and cross humours.” Dr. Weber has found 
that, with a proper diet, by the use of Fruit Sugar even patients 
suffering from pulmonary consumption, with extensive lung 
mischief, have recovered. By such means the presence of 
carbonic acid in the blood is increased, and the bacilli of tuber- 
cular disease perish because meeting with this excess of carbonic 
acid over the oxygen necessary for their maintenance. Other 
Sugars will aid in a like method of cure, such as Malt Sugar, 
and Sugar mixed with diastase (the ferment of malt). Grape 
Sugar, and the carbohydrates related to it, are highly injurious to 
diabetic patients, because the oxidation of Sugar is with these 
sufferers deficient in the system, and thereby they become extra- 
ordinarily susceptible to tubercular disease ; but the Fruit Sugar 
possesses directly opposite physiological properties, though closely 
related in chemical constituents. As much fruit as possible is to 
be advised for diabetic patients, but in an easily digestible form 
as to the vegetable cellulose, (by boiling). Carbohydrates (which 
possess twice as much hydrogen as oxygen) comprise fructose, 
Fruit Sugar (levulose), Cane Sugar (glucose), starch (soluble, 
as dextrin), and cellulose. Early oranges contain only from 
2 to 3 per cent of carbohydrates altogether, of which Fruit Sugar — 
(levulose) is the chief; and even sweet oranges have not more 
