ANATOMY. Bh) 
loins. Each joint is divided into a body and seven processes, viz. 
the spinous, two upper slanting, two lower slanting, and four cross 
processes. Cavities: the spinal canal, and the side holes of the 
—_ The first"bone Hibs spine is connected with the hinder 
ne of the skull by a hinge joint; the second joint is united to the 
first with a-motion like a wheel on its axis. The bodies of the 
vertebre are connected with one another by a peculiar intervening 
cartilaginous substance ; and on their back parts by a yellow elastic 
ligament, and by their oblique processes. It supports the head and 
trunk, and contains and defends the spinal marrow. 
Neck Joints.—The first joint is called the atlas. It has no body 
or spinous processes, but forms an arch, which on the front -part 
surroustie: the tooth-like process of the second jointe Instead of 
r slanting processes, there canals. The second joint is 
called tie abe “There 'is a tooth-shaped process at oho woher 
part ofits body. All the transverse processes of the remaining neck 
joints have a peculiar hole for the passage of the vertebral arteries. 
Back Joints.—The peculiafifise of the vertebra of the back a 
depression at the sides of the bodies, and a superficial on : 
points of the transverse processes, for the attachment of the grea’ 
small heads ofithe ribs. ee eS 
The Loin Joints—Are much larger than those of the back, and 
the transverse processes have no depressions. a 
* 
The chest is composed of twelve back a4 twanty-Foor ribs, and 
_» the breast bone. ‘te ; 
ris 
RIRS. 
"i 
oe.. - 
“The ribs are placed obliquely from the back joints to the breast _ 
bone ; twelve on each side. They are divided into seven true, a 
are uppermost, and five spurious. 
is connected to the bodiad” 
front with the breast bone, and behind with the bodies and transverse 
processes'of the spine. Its use is to form the chest, to serve for 
oething, to defend the vital intestines, and to give adhesion to the 
"muscles. . ae 
BREAST BONE. 
This bone is situated in the front part of the chet, between the 
true ribs. Its cavities are the jugular canal, at the upper and in 
part; two collar bone canals, for the adhesion of 1 1€ 
en rib depressions to which the ribs adhere. Its 
wane of the’chest. — 
