12 TREATMENT OF THE SUBJECT-MATTER. 
IM. Cultivation of officinal plants for medicinal purposes, or 
also for industrial applications. 
The Cinchonas of the East Indies, Jamaica, and other coun- 
tries; the poppy in Asia Minor, Bengal, and Malwa; the tobacco 
which is cultivated in ali temperate and warm countries; the fea 
plant in Assam; the peppermint 1n Michigan; the cinnamon in 
Southern China and on the island of Ceylon; the liquorice in 
Calabria, Spain, and Moravia; the various species of Citrus 
(agrumi) in the Mediterranean region, California, and the West 
Indies; the coca in Bolivia and Peru; and the cacao, extending 
from Mexico to Brazil, are examples of the transplantation and 
extensive cultivation of such useful plants, without mentioning 
at all the cotton plant, the Eucalyptus, the sugar-cane, and the 
sugar-beet. Inaless extensive amount, Althea, Angelica, Levis- 
ticum, fennel, and anise are cultivated in Thuringia, and cara- 
way near Halle; the latter two to a greater extent in Central 
Russia. Furthermore, the manna-ash in Sicily; the rose in Kis- 
anlik on the Balkan Mountains and in Southern England; pep- 
permint in the same locality; and Lobelia in the State of New 
York. Finally the extended cultivation of odorous flowers, near 
Grasse in Provence,’ which are, however, more largely employed 
in the art of perfumery. 
The English Government, through the prudent management 
of the large botanical gardens at Kew, near London, has pro- 
vided for the distribution of important useful plants in India 
and the Colonies. ‘To these endeavors is due the establishment 
of the Cinchonas in India, while recently the same has been ac- 
complished with the calumba plant, ipecacuanha, jalap, and the 
trees which afford caoutchouc, gutta-percha, copaiva balsam, and 
cinnamon.” The results are still to be awaited, as are likewise 
_ those of similar endeavors on the part of the State Depart- 
ment of the United States. : 
IV. Collection and Preparation.—The section which fol- 
'Flickiger, Archiv der Pharm., 222 (1884), p. 468. : 
* Compare Fliickiger, ‘‘ Ueber den chinesischen Zimmt,” in Arch. der 
Pharm., 220 (1882), p. 835. Further, Brockmeier, ‘‘ Ueber den Einfluss 
_ der englischen Weltherrschaft auf die Verbreitung wichtiger Cultur- _ 
__— gewiichse, namentlich in Indien.” Dissertation, Marburg, 1884, pp. 56. 
