HISTORY. 25 
is probably one of the oldest monuments of popular medicine in 
Germany; init are mentioned Pimpinella and Galanga, both, to 
the best of our knowledge, for the first time. 
~ 8, The determining influence upon the medicine and pharmacy 
of the middle ages proceeded frum the medical school of Salerno. 
_ Its activity extended from the ninth century until the close of 
the middle ages, although the school itself was continued, at 
least in name, until November 29th, 1811, when it was sup- 
pressed by an order of Napoleon. To the medical practitioners 
who taught there, and in the not very remotely located Bene- 
dictine monastery of Monte Cassino, is due the credit of having 
transmitted the medical art of the Arabs. Thus the stock of 
esteemed remedies of the Occident was increased by a number 
of new medicinal substances, or at least such as were previously 
but slightly accessible. To these belong Ammoniacum,' Asa- 
Setida,’ Benzoinum, VCamphora, Caryophylli, Cinnamomum 
zeylanicum, Cortex Aurantiorum, Cortex Limonum, Cubebee 
(as a spice; first used medicinally since 1813), Folia (or prob- 
ably at first only Siligue) Senn», Fructus Cocculi, Fructus 
Colocynthidis, Galbanum,'’ Herba Canmabis, Lignum Sandali, 
Macis, Moschus, Radix Rhei, Resina Draconis, Rhizoma Curcu- 
me, Rhizoma Galange, Rhizoma Zedoarie, Semen Myristice, 
Semen Strychni, Styrax liquidus, Tamarindi, and Salep. co 
The writings of the most prominent Salernitans, namely those 
of Constantinus Africanus, Macer Floridus, Nicolaus Prapo- 
situs, Platearius, Arnaldus de Villanova, and especially the 
** Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum ” must be studied in order to 
obtain an insight into the science of medicine of the middle 
ages. A very complete enumeration of the Simplicia and Com- 
posita of that time is given by Renzi in a list published under 
the name of Alphita, which is opti to belong to the thir- 
teenth century.” 
ae Presumably known at an earlier period. 
* The history of the School of Salerno, which is not yet ssohaaoiie — : 
elucidated, has been briefly but very appropriately described by Hander- 
son, in the publication mpentioned in Pichignrs: sj Sen o 
 p. 1,018, oe 
