64 MORPHOLOGY. 
The formation of homologous axes is called ramification. An 
axis, together with its branchlets, is called a system of ramifica- 
tion. The systems of ramification appear in two principal 
forms. 
1, THE DICHOTOMOUS SYSTEM (the axis ceases to increase in 
length at the apex): 
(a) ForKED DicHoTomy.’ Directly beside the apex which 
extends no farther in growth, there arise two new axes which 
develop equally,.and can form the bases for further ramifica- 
tions. 
(4) SympopiumM®* (in a more restricted sense), With each fur- 
cation an axis is developed, ultimately stronger than the other. 
The basal portions of the successive furcations form a pseudo-axis 
(sympodium) on which the more feebly developed axes are at- 
tached as lateral branches. Suchasympodium can consist either 
of the forked branches which are always of one side (bostryx), 
or of forked branches which are alternately of the right and left 
side (wickel or cincinnus). 
2. THE MONOPODIAL SYSTEM * is produced by the main shoot 
continuing to grow, and forming lateral branches below the 
apex. 
The monopodium can be either racemose, ti. e., when the 
main axis, even at later periods of growth, is always most 
strongly developed, or cymose, when the lateral axes overtop the 
main axis. In the latter case a pseudo-axis may be formed. 
Regarding this compare the subsequent remarks under inflores- 
cence. 
Exogenous * formations which arise laterally on the organs of 
the stem in acropetalous * succession, and have a different form 
from the stem which produces them, are called leaves. 
The leaves arise densely crowded on the summit of the stem. 
If the parts of the stem located between two leaves become ex- 
* Atyoréuos cut in two (diya twofold) parts (réuva@ cut). 
* Zur entire, united, and xovs, rodcs foot. 
’ Movos single, and zovs foot. 
‘Ex, 2 outside, and yéros formation. 
5’ Aupcs point, and petere to strive after. 
