THE FLOWER. 67 
(Fig. 1,7). Such appear, however, also as bud-scales, on the 
upper portion of the stem, enveloping and protecting the young 
leaf-buds; they have here the same function. 
The germinating leaves or cotyledons’ must also be regarded 
as rudimentary leaves. These possess, however, as we shall sub- 
sequently see, quite another function. 
The third form of leaves are the HIGH LEAVES or HYPSO- 
PHYLLA (bractee).* These belong to the inflorescence, are like- 
wise small and mostly delicate, and serve often as protecting in- 
teguments (the glumes of grasses). 
The leaves, particularly foliage leaves, are often entirely (as 
with the stipules* of Smilax) or in part (many Papilionacee) 
converted into tendrils, although, on the other hand, all tendrils 
are not metamorphosed leaves ( Vitis, Ampelopsis, Passiflora). 
The most manifold forms and colors are assumed by the ele- 
ments of the last leaf formation, the flower. While the leaves 
of the calyx (sepals) still possess a purely leaf-like nature and 
are mostly green, the leaves of the corolla ( petals) appear colored 
and often of a particular form, the staminal leaves become con- 
verted into structures of quite another form (stamens), and the’ 
pistil-leaves closed together to form peculiar receptacles (ova- 
ries). Nevertheless, the flower must be considered as the sum- 
mit of a branch, encompassed by manifold leaf organs. 
The summit of a branch or axis bearing the flowers (receptacu- 
lum, hypanthium, torus) is, as a rule, either conical or flat, but 
can also be enlarged in a broad or cushion-like form and be- 
come a disk * (Rutacew). If the disk lies within the circle of 
stamens, it is called an intrastaminal disk.* 
There occur, however, also extrastaminal disks (sculine). 
The disk generally bears honey-glands or nectaries*; the latter, 
' KorvAy cavity, pan. 
* Bractea, a thin, small leaf of wood or metal. In German, Hoch- | 
bldtter or Deckblitter. 
3 In German, Nebenblitter. 
4 Aiéxos disk. 
5 Intra, within. ree 
° Nectar, the drink of the gods, honey, a sweet substance. 
