CALYX AND COROLLA. 69 
and, according to the disposition of ordinary leaves in the bud, 
the conduplicate, plicate or plaited, involute, revolute, circinal 
or circinate, and corrugate or crumpled forms of vernation (ver- 
natio). Compare also the diagrams in figures 11-15. 
O 
Fie. 4 a.—Valvate estivation (Vitis). Fie. 4 b.—Quincuncially imbricate 
‘estivation (Rosa). 
After flowering, the perigon, as a rule, falls off. In some 
cases, however, it takes. part in the formation of the fruit. It 
remains either herbaceous (Chenopodiacex, Polygonace), or 
becomes soft like a berry (Morus), or grows out in a hair-like 
form (riophorum). The calyx, by subsequent enlargement, 
often becomes the calyx of the fruit (Hyoscyamus, the Borragi- 
nace, Physalis), and serves them for the protection of the lat- 
Fie. 5. Fie. 6. Fie. 7. 
Fia. 5.—Convolute eestivation (Phlox) ; a, elevated view ; 6, outline. 
Fia. 6.—Imbricate ewestivation (Veronica), a and bas in Fig. 5. 
Fic. 7.—Plicate or plaited sestivation (Campanula), a and 6 as in Fig. 5. 
ter. Occasionally, however, there appear in its place structural 
appendages which are comprehended under the name of pappus* 
(the Compositw, Valeriana). The latter are either bristly or 
‘ [Iaxmo3 crown of hairs on the fruits of the Dandelion and the Let-— 
