THE FLOWER. V3 
sion (Papaver), are for the most part extended growths of the 
placenta. 
If a flower contains stamens and an ovary, it, is called herm- 
aphrodite’ (%, as in most of the higher plants); when these 
are contained in separate flowers, they are called diclinous or 
unisexual® (Urticine). If diclinous flowers, the male ( 2 ) as: 
well as the female (2), are found on one and the same plant, the 
term monecious is applied * (Juglandez); if the male and female 
flowers occur on different plants, they are called diwcious * 
(Saliciner, Cannabis, Humulus); when upon the same.plant 
there are found unisexual as well as hermaphrodite flowers, the 
plant is called polygamous *° (many Composite). 
When several carpels occur, these are mostiy coalescent in the 
ovary, as also in the style (syncarpous gyneceum, as in Malva). 
They can, however, be free from each other (apocarpous gyne- 
ceum, as in Rubus), and generally in all polycarpic flowers), 
or only coalescent in special places (partially apocarpous, as in 
Asclepias Cornutt). 
The style, the upward extension of the carpels, bears the 
stigma. The stigma iseither simple (Fig. 10) or branched (Fig. 
9) (Crocus, Euphorbiacex), feathery, tufted (Graminez), often 
capitate, or even extended in a disk-like form, as in Asclepias 
and Vincetozicum.® It is, as a rule, provided with papille 
(Fig. 9 in 3), and secretes a glutinous liquid. If the pollen 
grains of the anthers fall upon the stigma, they develop long 
tubes (pollen tubes, Fig. 10, uw), which penetrate downwards in 
the conducting tissue of the style (g), as far as the ovules, and 
here effect the fertilization. The fertilized ovules then develop 
to form seeds. 
Fertilization with other plants of the same species affords, 
'Epuagpposiros bisexual. 
Ags double, and Ary7 bed. 
3 Mévogs one, and ofxo0s household. 
4 Ais double, two, and otKos household. 
5 [ToAvs many, and ya@uos marriage. 
_ In the last-mentioned plants, the stigma also bears clamplike 
bodies, to which the pollinia are attached. ei 
