4 MORPHOLOGY. 
even in hermaphrodite flowers, a greater supply of seed. Fer- 
tilization with the pollen of plants of other species produces, 
when successful, so-called hybrids. The transmission of the 
pollen takes place either through the agency of the wind (ane- 
mophilous plants), or more frequently, by insects (entomophilous 
or zoidiophilows * plants). 
If a flower is projected on a plane, 7. ¢., if represented in such 
a manner that, when seen from above, only the points of inser- 
Fie, 10. 
Fie. 9.—Crocus sativus. 1, the three-limbed stigma ; 2, summit of a limb of the 
phe sores strongly magnified ; 3, a section of the edge of the stigma, with the papil- 
Fig. 10.—Schematie figure for the elucidation of the process of fertilization. n stigma 
with the papillze (w), and three pollen grains already provided with protruding pollen 
tubes (n). Of the latter, one has already penetrated through the micropyle (m), and 
fertilizes the embryonal vesicle (6) contained in the embryo-sac (q). p outer, s inner 
integument ; ¢ inner, h outer funiculus ; ¢, nucleus ; at a later period, occasionally pass- 
ing into perisperm (the endosperm originates from the embryo-sac) ; 0, pericarp. 
tion of the separate parts of the flower are delineated by corre- 
sponding outline figures, a diagram? of the flower is obtained. 
"Av Enos wind, Sdov animal, and giAos friendly, loving. 
* From éza@ through, and ypa@evr to write, 
