84 MORPHOLOGY. 
There are furthermore distinguished : 
I. Dry Fruits: Pericarp woody, coriaceous. 
(a) Indehiscent fruits, not opening by valves or regular 
lines. 
1. Nut (nux), having a hard pericarp (Cannabis). 
2. Caryopsis’ (or Grain) and Akene,* having a Jeather- 
like, membranaceous pericarp (Gramine, the ce- 
reals). 
With these may also be classed the Samara, or so-called 
winged-fruit, an akene which, through a subse- 
quent growth of the pericarp, appears winged 
(Ulmus, Betula). 
3. Mericarps (see above). 
Fia. 19.—Silique of Brassica oleracea. 1, closed ; 2, opened, one valve removed ; v, 
the other valve ; d, partjtion with the seed. - 
(6) Dehiscent fruits: opening by valves or regular lines, 
containing several seeds. . 
1. Follicle (folliculus*), formed of one carpel, and 
dehiscent by the ventral suture (J/licium ani- 
satum). 
2. Legume (legumen), formed of one carpel, but also 
dehiscent by the dorsal suture (Fig. 18), often 
with false dissepiments (Leguminose). 
3. Silique (siliqua), of two carpels. The latter sepa- 
rate from each other first at the base ; on the parti- 
1 Kapvor nut, ovis appearance. 
*tAyaivior (from @ privative, yazva@ I open), a fruit which does not 
open 
5 Diminutive of follis, a sack or tube. 
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