90 MORPHOLOGY. 
whereby a suture, rhaphe,' is produced (Fig. 24 7), which is more 
or less apparent, e. g., in Semen Tiglii and in the cardamom. 
The reniform or kidney-shaped seeds, on the contrary, are 
mostly produced from so-called campylotropous * or curved 
ovules. With these, the nucleus as well as the integuments are 
curved (Fig. 25). They therefore also possess, as a rule, a curved 
embryo. 
With relation to their attachment, the ovules are sometimes 
pendulous, sometimes erect or ascending, and sometimes hori- 
zontal. If in an anatropous (pendulous) ovule the funiculus lies 
toward the interior or the middle-line of the fruit, such an ovule 
is termed epitropous* (Umbellifer, Euphorbiacex), If the funi- 
culus is directed toward the outer wall, it is called apotropous 
(Vitis, Rhamnus, Cornus). 
Fie, 28. Fia. 24. Fig, 25. 
@ 
() b, 7 \ fs 
Atropous ovule. Anatropous ovule, Campylotropous ovule. 
m, micropyle.; ch, chalaza ; h, hilum ; r, raphe. 
Appendages of the Seed.—Many seeds are provided at the 
hilum with an indurated appendage (as in the pea), which, in 
the case of Semen Ricini, Semen Chelidonii (obdurator, carun- 
cle or caruncula ‘*) and Semen Colchici, still remains perceptible, 
even after drying, while in Semen Tiglii, on the contrary, it 
readily falls off. 
A peculiar, compact, fleshy outgrowth is developed on the 
nutmeg, and is designated as the seed-covering or arillus (Fig. 
1*Pagy suture, 
? KaumviAos bent, and TPETO, 
*’Exi upon, and rpézo. 
+Caro, flesh. 
