THE SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF BOTANY 3 
5. Prant Ecoxoey treats of plants and their parts in relation 
to their environment, 7.e. to soil, moisture supply, temperature, 
light and other plants and animals. 
6. PLant GENETICS deals with the coming into being of new 
individuals or races of plants. It seeks to account for the resem- 
blances and differences shown by plants related by descent. 
7. PLrant PATHOLOGY or PHYTOPATHOLOGY treats of diseases 
of plants. 
8. PLanr GEoGRAPHY or PHYTOGEOGRAPHY treats of the 
distribution of plants upon the earth. The center of distribu- 
tion for each species of plant is the habitat or the original source 
from which it spreads, often over widely distant regions. When 
plants grow in their native countries they are said to be indigenous 
to those regions. When they grow in a locality other than their 
original home they are said to be naturalized. 
9. GroLocicaL BoTANy or PHYTOPALZONTOLOGY treats of 
plants of former ages of the earth’s history traceable in their 
fossil remains. 
10. Cryptocamic Botany is the botany of the flowerless 
plants or cryptogams such as the pond scums, fungi, mosses, 
ferns and their allies. 
11. PHanERoGaAmic Botany is the botany of seed plants. 
12. Atcoocy is the botany of algae. 
13. Mycotocy is the botany of fungi. 
14. Bryo.ocy is the botany of mosses and liverworts. 
15. Economic or APPLIED Borany deals with the science from 
a practical standpoint, showing the special adaptation of the 
vegetable kingdom to the needs of everyday life. It comprises 
a number of subdivisions, viz.: PHARMACEUTICAL BoTANy, or 
the botany of drug, spice, dye and poisonous plants; BAcTERI- 
-oLocy, which treats of microérganisms called bacteria; PHAR- 
MACOGNosy which treats of the history, commerce, selection, 
identification, valuation and preservation of crude drugs and 
other raw materials of plant and animal origin; AGRICULTURAL 
Botany or AcRonomy, which treats of crop plants; Horti- 
CULTURE, which treats of the cultivation of garden and orchard 
plants; Forestry which treats of the management of forests and 
of timber plants; PLANT BREEDING or the application of principles 
