46 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
it grows into a new organism. It is found in C£dogonium, 
Ectocarpus, and many other algae. (See Fig. 2572.) 
VEGETATIVE MULTIPLICATION.—This form of asexual repro- 
duction involves the giving off of multicellular portions or vege- 
tative outgrowths of the parent plant, such as bulbs, tubers and 
runners, which become detached and develop into new plants. 
It occurs frequently in nature but is also accomplished artificially 
through the removal by man of parts of the parent plant, such 
as stem or root cuttings or leaves, or by layering, 7.e. bending 
branches over until they touch the soil and subsequently give 
rf Fue Geseinncennraaes 7 arr - : 5 : ae | 
Fic. 24.—Propagation of Strawberry (Fragaria) by runners (stolons). The 
two plants in the small pots developed from the tips of the runners produced by 
the older plant in the central pot. (Gager.) 
off roots and buds, when they are cut away from the parent 
plant. (See Fig. 24.) 
There are two kinds of SexuaL REPRODUCTION, Viz.: Conjuga- 
tion and Fertilization. In both of these the sexual cells, called 
gametes, or their nuclei come together and their protoplasm 
blends to form a new cell. Fertilization is the common method 
seen in higher plants. 
Conyucation.—A union of two gametes, alike in physical 
character, the product being a zygote or zygospore. This method 
of reproduction is seen in the molds, Spirogyra, Kygnema, etc. 
.FertiLization.—A union of two unlike gametes or their 
nuclei, the product being an odspore (or zygote). One gamete, 
the male sexual cell, is smaller and active, while the other, the 
