ieee atalino tae ena 
162 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
Napiform, or turnip-shaped, somewhat globular and becoming 
abruptly slender then terminating in a conical tip, as the roots 
of the turnip and some radishes. 
Conical, having the largest diameter at the base then tapering, 
as in the Maple and Aconite. 
Fibrous, when very slender or fiber-like, as in the grasses and 
cereals. 
Tortuous, when irregularly 
bent or twisted, as Pareira. 
Nodose, when swollen at 
intervals in its course and 
fibrous otherwise, as the roots 
of the Dropwort. 
Moniliform, when the swell- 
ings occur at very close intervals 
giving the root the appearance 
of a close chain of beads. 
Tuberous, when fleshy, 
swollen, especially in the central 
portion, and resembling tubers 
in shape, as in Jalap and the 
Sweet Potato. 
Fascicled, when a number of 
thickened and similarly looking 
roots occur in a cluster, as in 
Fic. 96.—Dodder (Cuscuta sp.) in the Dahlia. 
flower. Parasitic on a _ golden rod Roor Consistency or TEx- 
(Solidago ulmifolia). (Gager, photo by Elsie’ TURE.—lIn this particular, roots 
A, Retireige.) are termed woody, when the 
hard, lignified tissue predominates and fleshy, when the soft cellu- 
lar tissues predominate. Fleshy roots may be (1) simple or single 
or (2) multiple, when a number arise from the base of the stem in 
a cluster, as in the Dahlia. 
Duration oF Roor.—Plants are classified according to the 
duration of the root, as follows: 
1. Annual plants are herbs with roots containing no nourish- 
ment for future use. They complete their growth, producing 
