232 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
RETIcCULATE or Netrep Verns characterize the leaves of 
Dicotyledons, as Matico and the Poplar or Oak. The primary 
veins in these are generally pinnate or palmate while the second- 
ary ones and their branches are arranged in netted fashion. 
PINNATELY-VEINED or FEATHERED-VEINED leaves consist of a 
midrib with lateral veins, extending from’ midrib to margin at 
frequent intervals and in a regular manner. Examples: Beech 
and Chestnut leaves. 
PALMATELY VEINED leaves consist of a number of veins of 
nearly the same size, radiating from petiole to margin. Exam- 
ples: Maple and Castor Oil leaves. 
In palmately-veined leaves, the central vein is termed the 
midrib or middle primary and those veins lateral to it, the dateral 
primaries. 
Most pinnately-veined leaves and palmately-veined leaves 
show net-veins combined with the basic pinnate or palmate type 
and so are said to exhibit pinnate-reticulate or palmate-reticulate 
venation respectively. ) 
Veins are said to be ANAsTomosinc when they subdivide and 
join each other, as the veins near the margin of Eucalyptus leaves; 
TESsELLATED, when they form square meshes, as in Matico 
leaves; and ImpresseD when sunken below the surface. 
LEAF INsERTION.—The point of attachment of the leaf to the 
stem is called the insertion. A leaf is: : 
Radical, when inserted upon an underground stem or a root. 
Cauline, when upon an aérial stem. 
Ramal, when attached directly to a branch. 
When the base of a sessile leaf is extended completely around 
the stem it is perfoliate, the stem appearing to pass through the 
blade. Example: Uvularia perfoliata or Mealy Bellwort. 
When a sessile leaf surrounds the stem more or less at the base, 
it is called clasping or amplexicaul. Example: Poppy (Papaver 
somniferum). 
When the bases of two opposite leaves are so united as to form 
one piece, the leaf is called connate-perfoliate, as Eupatorium per- 
foliatum or Boneset. 
Leaves are called eguitant when they are all radical and succes- 
sively folded on each other toward their bases, as in Jris spp. 
