THE LEAF 237 
Involute or incurved, margin rolled inward. 
Serrate, with sharp teeth which incline forward like the teeth 
of a hand-saw. Examples: Peppermint, Yerba Santa, Buchu. 
Serrulate, when finely saw-toothed, as in Rose leaflets. 
Dentate, or toothed, with outwardly projecting teeth. 
Example: Damiana. 
Denticulate, when finely toothed. 
Crenate, or Scalloped, similar to the preceding forms, but with 
the teeth much rounded. Examples: Digitalis, Catnip. 
Crenulate, when finely scalloped, as in Sage. 
In the serrate, dentate and crenate forms, when the teeth 
show divisions into smaller or secondary teeth, the word “doubly” 
is used as a prefix to the term expressing the character of the 
primary tooth, thus, Doubly-serrate, etc. 
Spinose, when the teeth are extended as spines, as in the 
American Holly. : 
Ciliate, when the margin is fringed with hairs, as in Drosera. 
The sinuses are the indentations of the margin. _ If sufficiently 
deep, they separate the leaf into. segments or lobes. 
Repand, or Undulate, margin—a wavy line. Example: 
Hamamelis. 
Sinuate, when the margin is more distinctly sinuous than the 
last. (Stramonium.) 
Incised, cut by sharp, irregular incisions. Example: 
Hawthorn. 
Runcinate, the peculiar form of pinnately-incised leaf observed 
in the Dandelion and some other Composite in which the teeth are 
recurved. 
A Lobed leaf is one in which the indentations extend toward 
the mid-rib, or the apex of the petiole, the segments or sinuses, or 
both, being rounded. Example: Sassafras. 
Cleft is the same as lobed, except that the sinuses are deeper, 
and commonly acute. Example: Dandelion. 
A Parted leaf is one in which the incisions extend nearly to the 
mid-rib or the petiole. Example: Geranium maculatum. 
In the Divided leaf the incisions extend to the mid-rib, or the 
petiole, but the segments are not stalked nor are they in the form 
of leaflets. Example: Watercress. 
