264 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
and Hydrangea. When staminate and pistillate flowers are 
borne separately they are called diclinous flowers. Flowers con- 
taining stamens and pistils are monoclinous. Some plants, as the 
Begonias, Corn, and Castor oil, bear both staminate and pistillate 
flowers on the same individual, and are called Monecious. 
When the staminate and pistillate flowers are borne on different 
plants of the same species, the plants are termed Diecious, as the 
Sassafras and Willow. When staminate, pistillate and hermaph- 
rodite flowers are all borne on one plant, as on certain species of 
Maple and Buckwheat, they are polygamous. 
A Hypocyrnous FLow:r is one in which the sepals, petals and 
stamens are attached near the base of the receptacle while the 
pistil or the carpels are arranged over the upper portion of 
the receptacle, as in the magnolia and strawberry. ‘The recep- 
tacle of this kind of flower is generally conical, dome-shaped or 
elongated like a spire. The ovaries of this type of a flower are 
superior. 
A PericyNnous FLower is one in which the sepals, petals and 
stamens are inserted on the edge or summit of a saucer or cup- 
shaped receptacle while the pistil or carpels are inserted at the 
bottom of the receptacle, as in the flowers of the cherry, rose and 
almond. The ovary of this type of flower is superzor. 
An Epicynous FLowsr is one like that of the apple or quince 
where the receptacle is greatly hollowed out in vase-shaped 
manner, its summit overarching the top of the ovary and bearing 
the sepals, petals and stamens above the ovary. The ovary of 
such a flower is inferior. 
PREFLORATION.—By prefloration is meant the arrangement 
of the floral envelopes in the bud. It is to the flower bud what 
vernation is to the leaf bud, the same descriptive terms being 
largely employed, as convolute, involute, revolute, plicate, 
imbricate, etc. 
In addition to those already defined under vernation, the fol- 
lowing are important. 
Valvate Prefloration, in which the margins of the parts meet but 
do not overlap. Of this variety the induplicate has its two 
margins rolled inward, as in Clematis. In the reduplicate, they 
are turned outward, as the sepals of Althza. 
