THE FLOWER 265 
Vexillary, the variety shown in the corolla of the Pea, where 
the two lower petals are overlapped by two lateral ones, and the 
four in turn overlapped by the larger upper one. 
Contorted, where one margin is invariably exterior and the 
other interior, giving the bud a twisted appearance, as in the 
Oleander and Phlox. 
CoNNATION AND ADNATION.—In the development of the 
flowers of primitive species of flowering plants, the parts of each 
whorl are disjoined or separate from each other. In many 
higher types, however, the parts of the same whorl frequently 
Fic. 178. Fic. 179. 
Fic. 178.—Flower of the Ash (Fraxinus); both calyx and corolla absent (achlam- 
ydeous). 
Fic. 179.—Flower of the Goosefoot (Chenopodium) with a calyx but no corolla 
(monochlamydeous). (After Small.) 
become partly or completely united laterally. This condition is 
termed connation, coalescence, cohesion or syngenests. Illustrations of 
this may be seen in Belladonna, Stramonium, and Uva Ursi 
flowers, where the petals have joined laterally to form gamo- 
petalous corollas. When the one or more parts of different 
whorls are united, as of stamens with petals (Rhamnus) or stamens 
with carpels (Apocynum), the union is called adnation or adhesion. 
Tue Receptacite.—The Receptacle, Torus, or Thalamus is a 
more or less shortened axis or reduced branch which bears the 
floral leaves. It is usually flat or convex, but may be conical 
and fleshy as in the Strawberry, concave as in the Rose and Fig, 
or show a disc-like modification, as in the Orange. Like other 
stems it has nodes and internodes. The internodes of the 
receptacle in many species lengthen and separate various whorls. 
When the lengthening of the internode occurs between calyx and 
