THE FLOWER 269 
two hammer-shaped nectariferous petals. In the Wild Colum- 
bine (Aquilegia) each of the 5 sepals develops a spur. 
SEPALINE STIPULES.—These structures are well developed and 
easily traceable in the more primitive herbaceous members of 
the Rose family. Thus in Potentilla, Fragaria, Geum, etc., in 
addition to the normal calyx of five sepals, there is a supple- 
mentary whorl of green sepal-like lobes. This is outside of the 
normal calyx, and is called the Epicatyx. The five lobes of the 
epicalyx may be as large or larger than the sepals or smaller up 
to the disappearing point. Upon examining a few flowers of 
Potentilla or Fragaria, it will be observed that not infrequently one, 
sometimes two lobes of the epicalyx are bifid, or deeply cleft, or 
separated completely into two parts. The explanation is that 
the five sepals, after evolving in the flower bud, form at their 
bases two lateral swellings or sepaline stipules, which, as they grow, 
fuse in adjacent pairs, one stipule of one sepal joining with the 
adjacent stipule of another sepal to form five lobes. 
SEPALINE Posirion.—The most simple and primitive position 
for the sepals in relation to the floral parts is Hypocynous, in 
which the sepals are inserted directly into the enlarged floral 
axis (receptacle) below the petals, stamens and carpels. But in 
the more primitive herbaceous Rosacea, Leguminosae, etc., the 
floral axis forms a saucer-like, transverse expansion which pushes 
out the sepals, petals and stamens on its edge. ‘Thus originates 
the Pericynous insertion of the sepals. In not a few higher 
Rosacea, Saxifragacea, Crassulacea; etc., the saucer-like floral axis 
becomes deepened and contracted into a cup-shaped structure 
(Cherry, Peach, Almond, Plum, etc.), and on the edge of this 
cup the sepals as well as the petals and stamens are inserted at 
different levels. Finally, in the Apple, Pear, Quince, etc., the 
greatly hollowed-out receptacle assumes a vase-shaped form and 
closes over the top of the ovary, at the same time lifting the 
sepals, petals, and stamens above the ovary. Here the sepals are 
EPIGYNOUS. 
Tue Coroiia.—The Corolla is the inner floral envelope, 
usually delicate in texture, and showing more or less brilliant 
colors and combinations of color. Its parts are called Perats, 
and when the calyx closely resembles the corolla in structure and 
