274 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
APPENDAGES OF THE PERIGONE.—In addition to the spurs 
already discussed, the following outgrowths of the perianth may 
also be encountered: 
The AuricLe, an ear-shaped appendage occurring on the 
calyx of Lobelia. This term is also applied to similarly shaped 
lobes of foliage leaves. 
The Awn is a sharp, rigid outgrowth from the tip or dorsal 
surface of a perigone lobe. 
The Horn or Cornua is a hollow, horn-like appendage. 
The Caupa is a long, drawn out, tail-like appendage, as 
seen in the petals of the Cacao plant. 
The Paxate is a sac-like upgrowth of the lower lip of a 
personate, bilabiate corolla. 
The Keet is a ridge resembling the keel of a boat. 
‘The Corona or Crown isa circular upgrowth from the throat 
of the perianth, as seen in Narcissus. It may represent the up- 
growth and coalescence of stipules of perianth segments or stamens. 
Tue ANDRGCIUM OR STAMEN SystEM.—The andrecium is the 
single or double whorl of male organs situated within or above 
the corolla. It is composed of SraMENS or MICROSPOROPHYLLS. 
A complete stamen (Fig. 177D) consists of a more or less 
slender stalk portion called a FILAMENT and a terminal appendage 
called the ANTHER or Microsorus. The anther is generally 
vertically halved by an upgrowth of the filament, called the 
CoNNECTIVE, dividing the anther into two lobes. 
NuMBER OF STAMENS.—When few in number, stamens are 
said to be definite; when very numerous, and not readily counted, 
they are indefinite. The following terms are in common use to 
express their number: 
Monandrous, for a flower with but one stamen. 
Diandrous, with two stamens. 
Triandrous, with three. 
Tetrandrous, with four. 
Pentandrous, having five. 
Hexandrous, six. 
Polyandrous, an indefinite number. 
The most primitive flowers have numerous stamens, but pass- 
ing from these to those of more evolved families there occurs a 
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