Pe Ne ee ee SES eee See 
PL ee Me ae ne Ee ee ee ee 
DE NS Pe ee ae Fy ET, ee ee ee ed 
298 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
the rind of the Orange, or assume the forms seen in the Gourd, 
Peach, Grape, etc. 
Frequently, as in the Apple, Pear, Quince, Wintergreen etc., 
the pericarp consists for the most part of other elements than the 
ripened ovarian wall and is then termed a pseudocarp or anthocarp. 
The pericarp consists of three layers of different texture, viz.: 
epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. 
The epicarp is the outer layer. 
The mesocarp the middle, and the 
endocarp the inner layer. When 
the mesocarp is fleshy, as in the 
Peach, it is called the sarcocarp. 
When the endocarp within the 
sarcocarp is hard, forming a shell 
or stone, this is termed a putamen. 
Sutures.—The ventral suture is 
a line formed by the coherent 
edges of a carpellary leaf. The 
dorsal suture is the mid-rib of the 
carpel. Parietal sutures are lines 
or furrows frequently visible on 
the walls of fruits, formed by the 
ripening of a compound ovary. 
They occur between its dorsal 
sutures and indicate the places of 
PS te ae union between adjacent septa or 
1G. 4.—Frit o e a : 
op on me ge 0 avalos, 
section. (After Robbins.) : areca 
into which the mature fruit sepa- 
rates to permit the escape of the seeds. Depending upon the 
number of these the fruit is said to be univalved, bivalved, trivalved, etc. 
DeEHIscENCcE.—This is the opening of the pericarp to allow the 
seeds to escape. 
Fruits are either Dehiscent or Indehiscent according as to 
whether they open to discharge their seeds spontaneously when 
ripe (DEHISCENT), or decay, thus freeing the seeds, or retain their 
seeds, the embryo piercing the pericarp in germination (INDEHIS- 
CENT). Dehiscent fruits open regularly, or normally, when the 
