304 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
ples of akenes: Fruits of the Composite, Sedges, Buttercup, 
Anemone, etc. ‘The Hip of the Roses consists of a number of 
akenes in a ripened concave receptacle. 
The Urricte is like the akene, except that the enveloping 
calyx is loose and bladder-like. Examples: Chenopodium, Fig. 
228 (3). 
A Caryopsis or GRAIN is a dry, one-celled indehiscent fruit 
whose pericarp is always fused with the seed coat. This fruit is 
more likely than any other to be mistaken for a seed. Examples: 
Fic. 228.—Achenial fruits. 1, Akene of Pulsatilla cut vertically, showing 
adherent feathery style (st), pericarp (p), testa (t), endosperm (e), hypocotyl (A) 
and cotyledons (cot) the last two structures making up the embryo; 2, caryopsis 
of wheat showing beard of h4irs. above and position of embryo of seed below; 
3, utricle of Chenopodium cut vertically to show calyx (c), pericarp (p) and seed 
(s) regions; 4, nut of an oak consisting of a glans (g) and cupule (cu). 
Wheat, Corn, Barley, Oats and other members of the Graminee 
or Grass Family. Fig. 228 (2). 
A Nut or GLans is a one-celled, one-seeded fruit with a 
leathery or stony pericarp. Examples: Oaks, Beeches, Chestnuts, 
Alders and Palms, Fig. 228 (4). 
IV. Baccate Frurrts (Succulent fruits in which the endocarp 
is always succulent and the mesocarp sometimes).—The BERRY is 
a small fleshy fruit with a thin membranous epicarp and a suc- 
culent interior in which the seeds are imbedded. Examples: 
Capsicum, Tomato, Belladonna, Grape, Currant, etc. 
An Uva is a berry from a superior ovary. Examples: Bella- 
donna, Egg-plant, Tomato, Fig. 229 (1). 
