324 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
and herbs. He was the first to distinguish between certain 
natural families. 
Leonhard Fuchs (1501-1566), a German physician and 
botanist, in his Strpium Historia (1542), an Herbal, chose to 
arrange plants alphabetically by their Greek names. 
Hieronymus Bock (1498-1554) published an Herbal in 1546 
called Kreuter Buch in which he carefully described from nature 
many plants which he grouped under herbs, shrubs and trees. 
Fic. 242.—Linnaeus, the father of modern systematic botany. (After Gager.) 
Caesalpinus (1519-1603) whose real name was Andrea 
Cesalpino, an Italian physician and botanist, was dissatisfied 
with the alphabetical arrangement and the narrowness of the 
earlier artificial systems which were largely restricted to medicinal 
plants. He attempted in his De Plantis (1583) a classification of 
all plants without regard to their economic importance and 
based it upon their fruit and seed characters. 
Gaspard Bauhin (1560-1624), a Swiss botanist, grouped 
plants into seaweeds, grasses, lilies, trees and shrubs. 
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