THE FUNGI 385 
called ascospores, and their production serves both as a method 
of multiplying the plant and of tiding over adverse conditions. 
They can survive for a long time without food or water, and 
can endure higher temperatures than the active cells and almost 
any degree of cold. 
The dried cells and spores float in the air as dust and so 
accomplish a dispersal of the organism. Doubtless most of 
them never again meet suitable environment and so sooner or 
Fic. 285.—Saccharomyces ellipsoideus. A common yeast found on grapes, jams, 
jellies, etc. Budding process is shown in many of the cells as also the vacuoles. 
(Schneider, Pharmaceutical Bacteriology.) 
later perish. But some will fall into favorable conditions and 
be able to multiply enormously again, and so the species is 
continued. 
The general method of reproduction in Saccharomyces is 
that of gemmation or budding. A small protuberance of the cell 
wall commences to form on the parent-cell. This grows larger 
and a portion of the cytoplasm and nuclear material pass into it. 
Eventually a daughter-bud, which may assume the size of the 
parent-cell, is formed. This generally adheres to the parent- 
cell and produces one or more granddaughter-buds which in 
turn may produce great-granddaughter-buds before separation 
from the parent-cell takes place. 
