THE FUNGI 389 
numerous hyphz project into the air and bear a green powder, 
the spores. These hyphz are called aerial hyphe. Other 
hyphz grow down into the substratum and are called sub- 
merged hyphae. 
When a small portion of the mycelium is mounted in 10 per 
cent. alcohol and observed under the high-power objective, it 
will be noted that each hypha has a transparent wall and proto- 
plasmic contents and is divided by transverse septa into a number 
— 
mt 3 
Fic. 289.—Penicillium Roqueforti. a, Part of a conidiophore; 6, c, other types 
of branching; d, young conidiophore, just branching, ¢, /, conidiiferous cells; g, 
j, diagrams of types of fructification. k, /, m, n, germinating spores. (After Thom.) 
of cells. Each cell contains protoplasm, which is differentiated 
into cytoplasm (cell protoplasm) and several nuclei. In the 
cytoplasm will be seen several large clear spaces. These are 
vacuoles and contain water with nutritive substances in solution, 
called cell sap. Each hypha with its branches is clearly distinct 
from every other one. 
The aerial hyphe bear brush-like branches, which become 
constricted on their ends into a moniliform aggregation of 
rounded spores appearing like a row of beads. Each aerial 
