408 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
the ‘“‘deadly agaric,” respectively, are very poisonous forms. 
Amanita muscaria is common in coniferous forests, although it 
may be found in cultivated soil along roadsides, in open woods 
and wood margins. It occurs singly or in patches. Its chief 
poisonous constituent is muscarine for which atropine is an 
antidote. An emetic should first be given. Amanita phalloides 
Fic. 303.—The deadly amanita, Amanita phalloides. Note the cup at the base of 
the stipe. (Gager, from photo by E. M. Kittredge.) 
is found in woods and borders of fields and occurs singly and not 
in groups. 
Each of these have fruiting bodies (sporophores), which 
begin at the surface of the ground as a button similar to that of 
the edible mushroom. This enlarges and assumes a dumbbell 
shape. The whole button is covered by an outer veil, known 
as the velum universale, which encloses the pileus, gills and stipe. 
As the stipe lengthens more rapidly than the pileus, the upper 
part of the veil is stretched and finally breaks in its middle 
