THE BRYOPHYTES. 
There are three orders of liverworts, viz.: 
ORDER 1.—MArCHANTIALES, including Marchantia and Riccia. 
ORDER 2.—JUNGERMANNIALES, the leafy liverworts, including 
Porella. 
(3 
[A 
Pike 
Fic. 311.—Marchantia polymorpha. Male gametophyte. Lower figure: Thalloid 
body with cupules containing gemmz and male receptacles (antheridiophores) in 
various stages of development, a, 6, c, d. Upper figure: antheridia in depressions 
of upper surface of disk of male receptacle, in successive stages of development, 
hukeew sé depression with the antheridium taken out. (From Small after Kny.) 
ORDER 3.—ANTHOCEROTALES, having the most complex 
sporophyte generations among liverworts, including Anthoceros 
and Megaceros. 
MarcuantTiA (A TypicaAL Liverwort) 
One of the most common and widely distributed liverworts is 
| Marchantia polymorpha. It occurs in dense patches on the moist 
