464 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
spring long shoots bearing scattered leaves and short shoots 
with crowded leaves. Its leaves are fan-shaped, more or less 
2-lobed, with furcately-branching veins and deciduous. It 
bears two kinds of cones (strobéli) each kind on a different tree. 
The staminate strobili occur in clusters on the short shoots, each 
strobilus consisting of a central axis bearing a loosely arranged 
series of stamens (microsporophylls). Each stamen consists of a 
stalk ending in a knob and bearing on its underside two or more 
Fic, 350.—Inflorescences of the pine. 1, Terminal twig; 2, ovulate cone; 3, 
staminate cone; 4, two-year-old cone. (Hamaker.) 
microsporangia. "The ovulate (female) strobili arise from the axils 
of leaves on the dwarf shoots of female trees. Each consists of an 
elongated stalk bearing near its end two ovules each of which has a 
small, cup-like megasporophyll at its base. The mature, naked 
seed resembles a drupe, the seed coat having an outer fleshy and 
inner stony layer. 
OrDER CONIFERALES 
Trees with a single upright stem which develops side branches 
that spread out horizontally and taper to a point at the summit, 
giving the crown of the tree the appearance of a huge cone, rarely 
