504 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
its margin or extremity 5 to 4 perianth segments and containing 
a pistil consisting of an inferior ovary with a single ovule and 2 
styles having radiating penicillate stigmas. Fruit an aromatic 
drupe composed of fused recep- 
tacular tube and ovarian wall 
and exhibiting a leathery to 
rarely membranous epicarp, 
more or less succulent mesocarp, 
and stony endocarp enclosing a 
seed with a double layered seed 
coat surrounding an enlarged 
embryo with irregular, semi- 
ruminate cotyledons, into and 
between which the fruit and seed 
layers grow. 
| The family embraces six 
genera, of which Carya (Hicko- 
ries) and Juglans (Walnuts) are 
represented in the United States. 
The seeds of Carya Pecan (Pecan) 
sees 
. Fic. 376.—The sweet-or black birch, 
Betula lenta. Above, branch with stami- 
nate catkins. Below, branch with 
pistillate catkins. The tree occurs in 
rich woodlands from Newfoundland to 
Florida. (Reproduced from U. S. Dept. 
and C. ovata (Shagbark Hickory) 
are valued as food. The wood 
of the walnuts is used for furni- 
Agric. Miscell. Publ. 77. 
gric. Miscell. Pu ) ture and the seeds of Juglans 
cinerea (Butternut), 7. nigra (Black Walnut) and 7. regia (English 
Walnut) are prized as foods. Black walnut hulls are used as a 
coloring agent. 
Part Usep 
Inner root bark 
Leaves, bark, 
hulls, kernels 
UNoFFICIAL DruG 
Juglans 
Black Walnut 1 
‘Hasirrar 
United States 
BorAnicAL NAME 
Juglans cinerea 
Juglans nigra United States 
ORDER FAGALES 
BETULACE2 OR BircH Famiry.—A family of aromatic trees 
or shrubs distinguished by monaecious flowers with scaly bracts 
and astringent resinous bark. Differs from Fagacee by superior 
ovary and absence of cupule. To this family belong the hazel- 
nuts (Corylus), birches (Betula), alders (Alnus), the hop hornbeam, 
ironwood (Ostraya) and the American hornbeam (Carpinus). 
